Please elaborate the question more if you want a good answer. One would need to know what language and its dialects you are talking about. There is no linguistic criterion to distinguish between languages and dialects, so as general question it is meaningless.

Please elaborate the question more if you want a good answer. One would need to know what language and its dialects you are talking about. There is no linguistic criterion to distinguish between languages and dialects, so as general question it is meaningless.

Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and change. Such changes result in the formation of a distinct different variety of language or a dialect. Describe Linguistics features of such a Dialect ??

Is that a test question? I wouldn't define sociolinguistics in that way myself. And also I dont know anyone who would use the word dialect in that sense. And I don't see how the presuppositions even if accepted would allow one to make any inferences that would make it possible to answer the question.

Basically since all language varieties have developed from other previous ones through the process of variation and change then all languages are examples of a "dialect" in the sense given in the question. And hence the linguistic features of such a "dialect" are the same as all other language varieties. 

According to my own opinion it's much complicated than that.

First we have to look Sociolinguistics all and all. Then:

Sociolinguistics – study of language variation and change- how varieties of language are formed when people belong to a geographical region, social class, social situation, and occupation etc.

Varieties formed in various regions involve change in pronunciation and vocabulary both.

Such changes result in the formation of a distinct different variety of language or a dialect.

Sometimes changes present within the same geographical region due to social differences between different economic sections e.g. working class and aristocracy- they result in class dialect.

Syntax variation – ‘I’ve gotten it’, ‘I ain’t seen nothing

Lexical variation –

Lift (British English)

Elevator (American English)

Above mentioned lines from a shared slide. Hope the idea is clear now

I woyld start by collecting a dialect corpus, g the International Corpus of Arabic, to collect samples of 22 different dialects, to get evidence of lexical and syntactic and phonetic variation

At University of Leeds, we have collected a World Wide English Corpus http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/eric/wwe.shtml using SketchEngine WebBootCat to collect 200,000-word web-corpora compiled from English-language websites in each WWW national Top Level Domain (eg .uk for united kingdom), each representing the dialect of English used in that country.  Of course, web-as-corpus methods only ocllect text from web-pages, and this does not cover spoken language variation in pronunciation. But we do get examples of lexical variation, along with frequency data on variants. It turns out, for example, that British English and American English are actually nearly the same, and the number of variants are barely significant statistically.

If you define linguistic variation as differences in linguistic forms without changes in meaning (Walker 2010) and you know that variables can occur at a number of different linguistic levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon, etc.), then to describe a dialect you must/can use a set of features (variables).

i'm honored...

thnx all of you for participation....

I am not entirely sure I understand the question, @sania. Are you asking what features of a language might differ from one variety to another? Are you asking about the features of a particular variety/dialect? What criteria are used to define a dialect? If you can rephrase the question, I might be able to help you more. 

In the meanwhile, you may find the link below helpful. It's a blog post of mine, about the ways in which different varieties of language develop in different places, and how political development might raise a certain dialect to 'standard language' status. 

http://achilleaskostoulas.com/2014/09/13/scotland-independence-language/

Maybe a little help:

„ ‚A language is a dialect with an army and navy’ is a quip about the arbitrariness of the distinction between a dialect and a language. It points out the influence that social and political conditions can have over a community's perception of the status of a language or dialect. The adage was popularized by the sociolinguist and Yiddish scholar Max Weinreich, who heard it from a member of the audience at one of his lectures.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_language_is_a_dialect_with_an_army_and_navy

I think that is a very highly problematic view of language, Howard. Basically it would mean that before languages started to become standardized a couple of centuries ago there were no languages only dialects. That seems like an odd position to take.

Secondly it is based on the assumption of a teleological trajectory that languages follow to "mature". This is factually wrong, as we know this process leading to standardization to be arbitrary driven by historical contingencies. It also creates a false sense of hierarchy based on a superiority of the arbitrarily chosen standard language, and inferiority of "dialects". This is the kind of hierarchical thinking that leads to the stigmatization of speakers of minority languages and to the extinction of minority languages and dialects.

FInally it redefines well established terminology to fit with this problematic view. Indo-European is a language family just as much as Germanic is (in fact perhaps better seen as a branch), your distinction between dialect and variety is confused since the examples you give of dialects (Geordie/Scouse) also fit your criteria for variety. In reality variety means any way of using language that stands out as identifiably different from another. That means that dialects are varieties. They are just varieties that are typically connected with a region or place and considered to be subordinate to a standard or majority language. 

Dialects as a variety of a standard language could be different from one another  at three levels of linguistics feature. You can compare and examine them at the level of pronunciation (phonology), word choice (morphology),and even grammar (syntax).

The foremost feature is the high and the low varieties. Then their use and usage, most time the high variety has social prestige as such has a wider audience and is used in formal setting like in education, judiciary, politics, media, administration etc. The high variety has a dominant factor because of the social prestige attached to the high variety population of speakers will be more. The high variety would be a factor in getting employment as such people will want to be fluent in it.