Temp, time, pH, C and N source are the main factors which

affect enzyme production .

Regards

Abhishek Sharma

Hi Harichi,

There are many factors which affect to the enzyme production of bacteria. The factors include pH, temperature, components of medium, conditions of culture, agitation, aeration, DO, time of fermentation. Especially, enzyme production heavily depends on strain of bacteria.

Best Regards.

Phúc Tô Đình,

Hi

thanks for your reply. If for example you have the bacillus related genera like Aeribacillus that produces xylanase.

Amended on 11 May 2018

I would like to express my opinion. The gene expression is unexpectedly ruled by virus and/or bacterial virus (bacteriophage). I have recently found that Lactobacillus casei (Shirota), which was isolated from beverage Yakult (Yakult Honsha Co. Tokyo, Japan), has c.a. 12% of bacteriophages' proteins among bacterial cell proteins (my unpublished observation by using recently developed PDMD (protein/peptide-direct-microsequencing-deciphering) method (please see file; HepG2 fucoidan)).

Interestingly, Lactobacillus casei (Shirota), which was isolated from beverage Yakult (Yakult Honsha Co. Tokyo, Japan), has Wall-associated protein/tRNA nuclease WapA/Cell wall-associated polypeptide CWBP200/RNase WapA/Toxin WapA (cell-wall related toxic protein; Mr 230,000) at 46.8 μg/mg of cell protein (4.7%) (our unpublished observation). This protein functions as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system, but I think that this protein may also be under the control of an unassingned bacteriophage, since toxin production is usually controlled by bacteriophage. Further, RNase activity of this phage's protein (may be dsDNA phage) may be working to battle with other RNA phages.

The perish of the red tide seems to be occurred by virus. Protozoans or unicellular Algae grown in rich nutrition (excess nutrition) seems to induce endogenous virus, and induced virus may produce or upregulate many hydrolases (please see file; Feed by Measure).

Further, human diseases seem to be occurred by virus.

(1) Since virus rules gene expression (due thanks to Dr. Joel Subach, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA), I have further studied about the abnormal expression of Mucin, which is usually expressed in the Epithelial cells. Mucin genes in cultured liver cells seem to be up-regulated by HHV (Human herpes virus; except HHV-5 and HHV-6) and down-regulated by HIV and HCV.

(2) I have considered about the grief Down syndrome. It seems to be mainly due to infection by Human adenovirus (HAdV). Only three specimens have the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (membrane glycoprotein; Hydrophobicity is 0.510, similar to the hydrophobicity to another representative membrane glycoprotein of Growth hormone receptor of 0.499).

(3) Morphological Disease of Harelip or Cleft lip may be occurred similar mechanism to Alopecia. As has also been recently reported in this ResearchGate that Transcription factors of Homeobox proteins have been up-regulated by some inducing virus (HAV, VSIV, LIV, hPIV-5, MuV), and repressed by Flu virus.

Harelip-linked Homeobox protein MSX-1/Hox-7 seems to be up-regulated by Hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV infection to pregnant mother may be occurred by biotin deficient state, which induces lowered innate immunity. HAV seems to infect preferably to female, and Flu seems to virulently infect to male (harelip seems to be higher in male persons; my unpublished observation). As shown in Alopecia case, Morphological change is also co-induced by biotin deficiency, which leads to instable membrane structures.

Therefore, I have recently published about the importance of taking nutrition and edible fucoidan (sulphated poly-L-fucose) in humans (please see file again; Feed by Measure).

Thus, the re-activation of lysogenized bacteriophages in the bacterium may occur by many stresses from nature; i.e., temperature, UV, radio wave, radioactivity, heavy metal, deficient and excess nutrition, pH stress, oxygen stress, etc.. Though mental stress may be present in humans and primates.

Hi Harichi,

There are many factors which affect to the enzyme production of bacteria such as pH, temperature, sole carbone source that provided for enzyme production, agitation and aeration.

The pH and temperature are key factors as contributed by other researchers. However the concentration of substrate (carbon source) may also contribute. Some bacteria produce certain enzymes in the presence of excess carbon source. So try varying the concentration of carbon source in your experiments. Cheers

Temp, time, pH, C and N source are the main factors which

affect enzyme production .

Regards

Abhishek Sharma

The general factors that may affect enzyme production by bacteria include the following: temperature, pH, inoculum size or concentration, substrate type and particle size, the type of solvent used for extraction, agitation during the process of enzyme recovery from the substrate, among many other factors listed above.

It has been however proven from literature that, bacteria require more moisture than fungi during fermentation hence, the need for submerged fermentation for enzyme production with bacteria.

Carbon source (substrate) concentration and organic or inorganic nitrogen source also affect enzyme production