To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of clustering algorithms, you can use some benchmark datasets, such as those provided in the UCI repository, or more recent challenging datasets on Kaggle. It is common practice to use datasets with a ground truth which obviously is not used to inform the algorithm but can be effectively used to evaluate the quality of the clusters found.
The datasets: iris, haberman, blood, glass, wine, seeds, cancer ... are associated to the classification task. However these datasets are the most used datasets for clustering by researchers. You can find' m in:
https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php.
If you want to use one of these datasets for clustering, you have to remove the class column.