Given the disproportionately high risk provided by blood-borne pathogens, regular monitoring of blood transfusions is required to avoid disease transmission. ELISA and Rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic technique are the two most extensively used methods for detecting HBV, HCV, and HIV infection in blood donors. Although ELISA are considered more accurate worldwide. With this, what are the drawbacks of using the rapid immunochromatographic kits for screening blood donors compared to ELISA?
Source: Al-Matary, A. M., & Al Gashaa, F. A. S. (2022, November). Comparison of different rapid screening tests and Elisa for HBV, HCV, and HIV among healthy blood donors and recipients at Jibla University Hospital yemen. Journal of medicine and life. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9762378/#:~:text=This%20study%20showed%20a%20significant,infectious%20markers%20for%20blood%20donors.
The use of rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic technique (ICT) methods are prevalent in developing countries, while ELISA and molecular testing are recognized as more widely accepted for their enhanced accuracy. Rapid diagnostic tests for viral infections have been available since the 1990s, primarily designed for emergency diagnostics, home-based testing, and field surveys. Furthermore, in several deprived regions, rapid diagnostic tests are used as a means to identify infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This method serves as a solution to address the scarcity of financial resources and medical equipment. Nevertheless, a significant issue regarding the utilization of rapid screening tests revolves around the necessity for these tests to demonstrate an acceptable level of sensitivity and a sufficient level of specificity to reduce the occurrence of false results.
Reference: Al-Matary, A. M., & Al Gashaa, F. A. S. (2022). Comparison of different rapid screening tests and Elisa for HBV, HCV, and HIV among healthy blood donors and recipients at Jibla University Hospital Yemen. Journal of Medicine and Life. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9762378/
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