Also, what type of emulsions can be employed for enhanced oil recovery(eor)? The microemulsion is either a o/w or w/o with span in between as surfactants.
preparation of microemulsions is by just mixing the components in the right ratio under the right conditions, they form spontaneously. In addition you may start from any emulsion and change composition, temperature or pressure.
In classical surfactant flooding developed for water-wet rock, II(+) microemulsion (continuous oil with water in the interior of the micelles) is beneficial in the front to get good mobilization of oil droplets. At the rear of the surfactant slug, it is beneficial to have II(-) microemulsion (continuous water with oil in the interior of the micelles) because it will give the lowest retention of the surfactants.In the phase transition from II(+) to II(-), type III phase behavior (with binary microemulsion) should be obtained because this will give lowest interfacial tension. The phase transitions can be obtained by changing many parameters, e.g. salinity for ionic surfactants and temperature for nonionic surfactants.
II(-) phase behavior during the whole flood is easier to control. In some cases, especially at less water-wet conditions, surfactant floods with II(-) system can then be beneficial.
In surfactant flooding experiments in the laboratory, the type of phase behavior or phase transitions that should be selected will depend on the type of study that should be carried out.
In my experience, although a microemulsion forms spontaneously just by admixing right amounts of the components, it is best to know first the behavior of your surfactant. This is because the order in which the components are added can lead to a faster or slower achievement of the microemulsion equilibrium. Thus, blending surfactant and water can lead to viscous gel and will be harder to mix next with the oil and cosurfactant. I usually prepare the surfactant-cosurfactant mixture and then mix with the oil until an homogeneous system is formed. Afterwards I will add the aqueous component.