Hi. Accession is for unbreeding plants with known species from different areas while genotypes is for breeding ones

Just copying from this site: http://maize.uga.edu/index.php?loc=diversity'. 

A landrace is a dynamic population(s) of a cultivated plant that has historical origin, distinct identity and lacks formal crop improvement, as well as often being genetically diverse, locally adapted and associated with traditional farming systems'. Camacho Villa, 2006. "Heirloom" plants": These are varieties that were commercially available in the past, but fell out of use when hybrid types were developed and promoted. They are open pollinated- meaning that seed can be saved from one generation to the next without losing characteristics and performance of that variety. The term heirloom is evocative- an heirloom is an old treasure.

@ To my mind, the difference between these terminologies are as follows:

1) Landrace: refers to a plant variety developed by farmers/growers by adopting various traditional agronomic practices.

2) Hierloom: refers to very old traditional variety.

3) Population: refers to all the individual residing in a particular area.

4) Genotype: refers to the genetic constitution of an individual.

5) Accession: refers to the plant materials collected from a particular area.

6) Germplasm: refers to the sum total of genetic resources of an organism.

Regards

Dear Ali,

This topics are difficult to differentiate because some of them are incorrectly used as synonyms.

1) Landrace: is a regional ecotype, locally adapted. Usually correspond to a domesticated species of animal or plant that has developed over time, through adaptation to its cultural environment of agriculture and pastoralism.

2) Hierloom: old type of plant that is still available because individual people have continued to grow it for many years, not used in modern large-scale agriculture. Heirloom plants have been returning in popularity thanks to organic farming old varieties are being cultivated again.

3) Population: refers to the individuals of the same species in a particular geographical area. These individuals have the capability of interbreeding. This means that the geographical area is continuous.

4) Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism. The sum total of genes transmitted from parent to offspring.

5) Accession: Accession refers to the basic working unit of conservation in the genebanks.

6) Germplasm: contains the information for a species’ genetic makeup. For plants, the germplasm is usually stored as a seed collection or (less common) another plant part – a leaf, a piece of stem, pollen or even just a few cells that can be turned into a whole plant. Germplasm is a valuable natural resource of plant diversity.

Hope I can help you. Happy New Year

I am agree with word meaning of "Luís González.

THANKS

Dear Ms. Masoumeh Yousefiazar, Dr. Eberhard Susette Friederike and M. C. Sidhu,

Thank you very much for your helpful comments.

Dear Dr. Luís González,

I would be very grateful for your kind help. Wish you a very Happy New Year.

Let me define them as follows:

Accession-refers to plant/seed sample, variety or population held in a genebank or breeding program for conservation and use;

Germplasm refers to a set of genotypes that may be conserved or used; synonymous with genetic resources;

Landrace refers to farmer developed varieties of crop plants that are heterogeneous, adapted to local environmental conditions and have their own local names and distinguishing traits;

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism ;

Heirloom variety refers to seeds preserved by home gardeners who saved seed from their family gardens from year to year. What is an "heirloom"? The definition is open to dispute. But the term is usually applied to fruit, flower or vegetables varieties that were being grown before World War II.Heirloom varieties are open-pollinated--meaning that unlike hybrids, seeds you collect from one year will produce plants with most of the characteristics of the parent plant. And that's key to their survival. Landrace is very similar to Heirloom variety but they go through both farmer and natural selection and tend to change over generations.

Population refers to a group of individuals that share a common genepool and actually which interbreed.

Dear Dr. Bhuwon Ratna Sthapit,

Thank you very much for your comment.

I agree with Dr Siddu's definitions.

Happy New Year to ALL

I agree with Dr. Bhuwon Ratna Sthapit

I also agree with Dr.Siddu's defenitions.

Dr. Sidhu, Dr. Gonzalez and Dr. Bhuwan explained well. I fully agree with their interpretations.

I agree with the Dr. Sthapit thanks

heirloom is synonymous to landrace

It seems to me that these terms have been loosely defined, with the result that different academic communities attach a different interpretation to the terms in their usage; i.e., plant breeders, botanists and geneticists may have different interpretations of the same term, which is therefore confusing.

Germplasm - all the plant accessions of a crop available for plant breeding

Accession - a single, collected variety or cultivar. It could be a wild plant, a landrace or a bred cultivar.

Genotype: the definition varies a lot, and its meaning changes with the different users. Geneticists and botanists use it differently from plant breeders.

: “A genotype is an individual's collection of genes.”

: "The genotype of a plant is a word used describes the genetic make - up of the plant. The context that it is used depends upon whether it is being used to describe the whole genome, the DNA sequence of individual genes or a collection of scores at different genetic markers."

: “the sum total of genes transmitted from parent to offspring.”

: “the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits." 

And plant breeders often use it for a group of varieties, cultivars, wild relatives, landraces; i.e., as a collective term for crop accessions to be studied.

Population: a collection of parent plants with different genotypes used as the basis for a breeding programme

Heirloom: an old cultivar, usually not cultivated any more by commercial farmers, but kept going by enthusiasts and gardeners. They often has some good quality traits (a tomato with a wonderful flavour) but also some serious flaws, such as extreme disease susceptibility (the same tasty tomato may be extremely susceptible to Fusarium wilt)

Landrace: a variety developed over many years by one or more farmers using simple selection processes for local adaptation, and a wide spectrum of quality traits. Usually low yielding but highly stable in the ago-ecology of selection.

i agree with  Dr.Mark D Laing....thanks

I agree with  Dr. Mark D. Laing.

I agree with Drs M. C. Sidhu and Mark D. Laing.

I agree with Drs M. C. Sidhu and Mark D. Laing.

i agree too

very well explained M.C Sindhu

 I would like to add the definition of population as

Population is total number of individuals/organisms of the similar species living in a particular geographical zone/area that have ability of interbreeding.

Please if you can clear the terms you are trying to differentiate, it would clear the readers to have proper replies/answers

Thanks for the main question and all these informative answers, I read the definition of the Accession term, but how can we differentiate these accessions?can we have several accessions for the same genotyp? for example in two countries or seed banks!!!

I use the following definitions as applied to plant breeding:

• Germplasm: any crop genetic resource with or without known phenotypic or genotypic identity. It includes accession, genotype, population or landrace.

• Accession: any new germplasm introduced into a breeding program or germplasm repository. Usually it is given an entry number or a designation. Accession could be earlier phenotyped/genotyped or yet to be phenotyped/genotyped in a new environment. It includes genotype, population or landrace.

• Genotype: any genetic resource with known genetic identity/genetic constitution determined by any of the omics technology.

• Landrace: also referred to as farmers varieties are genetic resources with diverse genetic background which is not yet subjected to conscious crosses and selections.

• Breeding population: a set of crop germplasm developed by conscious crosses and selections for economic traits.

Very welexplained Prof. Hussein. Thank you very much.

Many thanks for clarities fellows.

Well explained Prof. Many thanks

With many thanks !

Many thanks ..clear explanation

well explanation, thank you for all contributors for clarifications

To my opinion,

Germplasm: The sum total of genetic resources including related wild species available for improvement.

Accession: Any new entry into the germplasm.

Genotype: Genetic constitution.

Population: A group of intermating individuals that share a common gene pool.

Heirloom: An old-time favorite (variety), producing plants with the same combination of traits generation after generation.

Land race: A locally adapted cultivated type evolved directly by natural selection.

Germplasm includes all the aforesaid terms from accession to the land race. The term 'genotype'may be applied to accession, population, heirloom, or land race.

I agree with Arbind K. Choudhary he defined well

1. Germplasm: is the sum total of all genetic resources of the crop

2. Accession : A distinct, uniquely identifiable sample of seeds representing a cultivar, breeding line or a population, which is maintained in storage for conservation and use. it is a new materials may be from collection that enter germplasms

3. Genotype: a complete se of genetic material

4. Population: A group of intermating individuals that share a common gene pool.

5. Landrace is farmers variety that don't improved formally and have high genetic diversity.

well explained..

Ali Pourkhaloee

Germplasm is living tissue from which new plants can be grown. It can be a seed or another plant part – a leaf, a piece of stem, pollen or even just a few cells that can be turned into a whole plant. Germplasm contains the information for a species' genetic makeup, a valuable natural resource of plant diversity.

An accession is a group of related plant material from a single species which is collected at one time from a specific location. Each accession is an attempt to capture the diversity present in a given population of plants.

The genotype of a plant is a word used describes the genetic make - up of the plant. The context that it is used depends upon whether it is being used to describe the whole genome, the DNA sequence of individual genes or a collection of scores at different genetic markers.

What is a population? Populations are genetically diverse. All plants are genetically distinct while all of those in standard pureline varieties are almost identical. This means that populations are better able to adapt to unpredictable environments. Plant density is the number of individual plants present per unit of ground area. However, it could also indicate the number of individual plants found at a given location.

An heirloom plant is an open-pollinated cultivar that was commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but which is not used in modern large-scale agriculture. Refereed from publications/articles.

Meghraj Chavhan thank you sir to such a good explanation

Hussein Shimelis very well explained

Thanks, Sidra

These terminologies are critical for effective communication.

well explained. Aliyi Robsa Shuro

Totally agree with Arbind K. Choudhary and Aliyi Robsa, especially for populations and landraces.

Differentiation presented by @ Meghraj Chavhan are on point.

Thank you all for your explanations

Thanks all for your good explanations.

Terminologies well explained by the two friends. However, the definition of population should be; individuals of a common species residing in an area.

Tamps up👍.