What are the climate change adaptation strategies in agriculture and strategies for developing climate resilient crop varieties?
Changes in climate can be expected to have significant impacts on crop yields through changes in temperature and water availability. The purpose of mitigation and adaptation measures is therefore to attempt a gradual reversal of the effects caused by climate change and sustain development. Mitigation measures are those actions that are taken to reduce and curb greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation measures are based on reducing vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Mitigation, therefore, attends to the causes of climate change, while adaptation addresses its impacts. Agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change take a wide range of forms that include: planting drought-tolerant crops, early planting, crop diversification, rainwater harvesting, market responses, such as income diversification and credit schemes, developing meteorological forecasting capability, and improving livelihoods. A risk mitigation strategy takes into account not only the priorities and protection of mission-critical data of each organization, but any risks that might arise due to the nature of the field or geographic location. A risk mitigation strategy must also factor in an organization's employees and their needs. Communities can adapt by building water storage systems, creating regulations to keep water safe, and using desalination technology to create freshwater in coastal areas prone to drought. Major strategies of adaptation to climate change include water saving technologies such as in-situ and ex-situ moisture conservation, water harvesting for supplemental irrigation, residue incorporation, growing tolerant crop varieties, conservation agriculture, site specific nutrient management. Millets and quinoa thus could grow and would produce optimal yield as compared to others under harsh climatic conditions such as low rainfall, drought, salinity, low fertility, and lower moisture conditions. Climate-resilient crops are crops and crop varieties that have enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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