What are the chemical compounds of mushrooms that mostly can be used as anti-tumor agents? Especially tropical forest mushrooms from south east Asia.
You may find anwers to your question in the enclosed articles. Regards. Pr. Sylvie Rapior
Maitake mushroom D-fraction powder (fruiting body - Grifola frondosa) is a potential substance. This is a mixed beta-glucan fraction with different types of glycosidic linkages and prepared from the edible mushroom, maitake, and is orally bioavailable. Beta-glucans are known to possess immune enhancing effects. Maitake is used as a food in Japan, in amounts up to several hundred grams per day. The D-fraction activates immunocompetent cells and enhances both innate (natural) and adaptive immune responses in experimental animals. Evidence indicates that the D-fraction exhibits immunomodulatory effects in human subjects.
.Shiitake mushrooms are recognized as a nutritious food as well as an important source of biologically active beneficial compounds. Immunomodulation apperas to be one of the most promising pharmacological activities of these biopolymers. Polysaccharides from shiitake mushrooms are considered to enhance cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro, and act as biological response modifiers. Polysaccharides from shiitake mushrooms are considered as multi-cytokine inducers that are able to induce gene expression of vaious immunomodulatory cytokines (proteins produced by cells) and cytokine receptors.
Water-soluble extracts of reishi mushrooms selectively stimulate the production of cytokines, involved in the activation of immune cells. Evidence indicates that extracts of this mushroom promote the functions of immune cells and immune responses.
various protein found in mushroom are anti-tumor in nature.for example in Ganoderma LZ-8 used as effective anti-tumor.
hello Sylvie, thanks for answering and giving me related references. appreciate it!
regards!
dear Balraj, do ecological differences influence the fucntions of those proteins/anti-tumor agents?
Stamets et al. have suggested Vitamin D could be of interest:
Anticancer medical mushrooms can provide significant Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). International Journal of Medical Mushrooms 7(3): 471-472
It is estimated that about 140,000 mushrooms exist on earth; only about 10% of these (species) are known. Polysaccharides (particularly beta-glucans, of higher molecular weight) generated by Basidiomycetes mushrooms are the best characterized and most known substances in mushrooms with antineoplastic and immune effective properties. They do not attack cancer cells directly but modulate host immunity. Several low molecular weight compounds produced by mushrooms such as quinones are fiercely reactive molecules, and we do not the effects of these on normal cells of the host.
Polysaccharides from mushrooms do not attack cancer cells directly, but produce their antitumor effects by activating different immune responses in the host. Mushroom polysaccharides need an intact T-cell component to express their biologic activities, which is mediated by a thymus-dependent immune modulation. Their known effects include stimulation of natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells, and macrophage-mediated immune system responses. Their immune modulatory functions are particularly valuable as cancer protective factors agents, mild antitumor agents and preventatives of metastatic tumors.
Dear Ali: Are these two compounds effective against all cancers or some cancers? How would they tell some are cancerous cells and others are healthy ones?
Dear all,
Mushrooms contain hydrazine analogues, which is of importance to those of us interested in pharmacologic activities. They possess the ability to blunt cancer initiating reactive metabolites formed by enzymes from chemical carcinogens; and, they can also express antioxidant capacity under certain conditions. On the other hand, they can also display carcinogenic activity in vitro; in view of this, mushrooms attracted a lot of attention because of the overwhelming interest to associate food derived molecules with toxicity (cancer induction in this instance). This area of study has had enormous research funding! My professor, jocularly, used to remark that he has had procarcinogenic hydrazines for lunch (sautéed mushrooms). It is not clear whether hydrazine analogs of mushrooms possess direct antitumor effects. However, they seem to increase efficacy in animal models when administered along with chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide. Hydrazine analogues are metabolized in the body by hepatic drug and xenobiotic (and carcinogen) metabolizing enzymes.
(H2)N-N(H2) – hydrazine; R-HN-NH(2) – substituted hydrazines; R can be an aromatic ring.
As far as I have heard hydrazine analogs are common in selected species and generas like Agaricus and Gyromitra esculenta. What about the content in other species and generas?
dear Chithan, Mattias and Mr. Ali, thanks for the valuable references and information. my further question, what is the differences beetwen anticancer and antitumor?
Agus:
They are interchangeably used on articles. Anti-tumor activity generally refers to if this toxicity occurs to tumor cells in living animals.IT is also used for the inhibition of cancer proliferation and spread in cultured tumor cells. Anti-cancer is used for agents toxic to tumor cells in clinical trials with humans. Prevention by compounds of cancer in animals induced by carcinogenic substances is anticarcinogenic activity. It is also called chemoprevention of cancer. Some authors use the term "anticancer" for this effect also.
Another reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263584087_Anticancer_substances_of_mushroom_origin?ev=srch_pub
Article Anticancer substances of mushroom origin
A search for anti tumor effect in star mushrooms located these citations;
Moradali MF, Mostafavi H, Ghods S, Hedjaroude GA. (2007). "Immunomodulating and anticancer agents in the realm of macromycetes fungi (macrofungi)". International Immunopharmacology 7 (6): 701–24. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2007.01.008. PMID 17466905.
Mallick SK, Maiti S, Bhutia SK, Maiti, TK. (2010). "Antitumor properties of a heteroglucan isolated from Astraeus hygrometricus on Dalton's lymphoma bearing mouse". Food and Chemical Toxicology 48 (8–9): 2115–21. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.013. PMID 20472019.
Mallick SK, Maiti S, Bhutia SK, Maiti TK. (2010). "Immunostimulatory properties of a polysaccharide isolated from Astraeus hygrometricus". Journal of Medicinal Food 13 (3): 665–72. doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.1300. PMID 20521989.
Dear Agus Triawan,
It may help you.
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lecture025_medicinal_mushroom.htm
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44670869_Compounds_from_wild_mushrooms_with_antitumor_potential
Sincerely,
Gharavi
Article Compounds from Wild Mushrooms with Antitumor Potential
Dear all, it may also help you to read the enclosed review. Regards. Pr. Sylvie Rapior
- Badges
- Science topic