In India in the following link there are articles that widely discuss the question,

It is already a matter of reaching an agreement between researchers and politicians to take the shortest way to solve them, in my country Mexico, unfortunately, there is no consensus or among researchers on the way to follow less among politicians who only make false promises to the peasants

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/agriculture/problems-agriculture/7-major-problems-faced-by-indian-agriculture/14170

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/agriculture/problems-agriculture/indian-agriculture-problems-7-major-problems-of-indian-agriculture/12859

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/agriculture/10-major-agricultural-problems-of-india-and-their-possible-solutions/20988

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-problems-in-the-Agriculture-Sector-in-India-and-how-can-we-solve-them-in-hindi-language

https://kmwagri.com/agricultural-challenges-india-possible-solutions/

http://www.vri-online.org.uk/ijrs/Oct2011/Challenges%20faced%20by%20the%20Agriculture%20Sector%20in%20India.pdf

In India in the following link there are articles that widely discuss the question,

It is already a matter of reaching an agreement between researchers and politicians to take the shortest way to solve them, in my country Mexico, unfortunately, there is no consensus or among researchers on the way to follow less among politicians who only make false promises to the peasants

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/agriculture/problems-agriculture/7-major-problems-faced-by-indian-agriculture/14170

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/agriculture/problems-agriculture/indian-agriculture-problems-7-major-problems-of-indian-agriculture/12859

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/agriculture/10-major-agricultural-problems-of-india-and-their-possible-solutions/20988

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-problems-in-the-Agriculture-Sector-in-India-and-how-can-we-solve-them-in-hindi-language

https://kmwagri.com/agricultural-challenges-india-possible-solutions/

http://www.vri-online.org.uk/ijrs/Oct2011/Challenges%20faced%20by%20the%20Agriculture%20Sector%20in%20India.pdf

For agriculture to flourish each nation needs well qualified teachers, researchers, managers and dynamic politicians with adequate knowledge and wisdom. Such combination of expertise is often a rare sight in many of the developing nations as agriculture is even today not treated equally as industry. Attempts always need to be made with a purpose of problem solving which often are missing. Agriculture profession waits for the time when it will receive some kind of respect from selfless national leaders.

Thanks so much Jamie for sharing valuable inputs and the experience in your country. Yes I agree that the political system look for quickfix solutions, but the professionals need to take a long-term view and influence the political system so the decisions are complementary to the overall direction.

Diversification

Urbanisation

Pollution

Shrinkage of land

Climate variability

lack of knowledge

lab to land technology

and most important our politicians

Dear Emmanuel for your recommendations

Thanks Dilip and Drlatief. Much appreciated.

Effect of climate change on agriculture

Salt affected soils

Soil pollution

Lack of irrigation water

Per capita land holding

Marketing issues for getting good price to farmers produce

Loan availability to farmers

Good quality seed and fertilizers

Land degardation

Soil Health issues etc etc ................. problems of indian agriculture lists is unending...........

Thanks Ma'am for sharing key issues. I agree the problems are many, but we should try ranking & prioritizing them.

Yield stagnation in our staple food crops such as rice and wheat

Impact of Climate change

Timely availability of good quality seed and fertilizers

Storage facilities particularly for fruits and vegetable crops

Thanks Hari. Very relevant points.

I think it is location specific. However, some common problems are: land degradation, massive use of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, climatic abnormalities and natural disasters such as flood and drought, and credit availability to the farmers are some major challenges.

Thank you!

Thanks Sushil for sharing your thoughts.

The central problem being faced by Indian agriculture is low productivity (below world average in major crops) which is due to high yield gaps, Increased vulnerability due to the effects of increased frequencies of extreme climatic events(droughts, floods,submergence,extreme temperatures etc.), declining and degrading natural base (land, water, agro- biodiversity) declining factor productivity (low organic matter in soils with low fertility) poor varietal and seed replacement rates besides several institutional(credit, input subsidies), infrastructural (roads, cold storage,marketing facilities),socio-economic constraints(fragmented land, poor/slow adoption of new technologies), along-with no MSP support except major crops.

Thank you Rishipal. Very insightful.