When you create models, you use certain equations. Your equations can contain many parameters. This parameters have they own uncertainties. For example, you have the temperature as a factor. How accurately you can measure the temperature or how precise are the temperature values you are using (e.g. 10 ± 1° C). The uncertainties of all parameters will affect the final result, but each one in some degree. To have the final uncertainty of the model, you need to do a so called error propagation calculation. A good book on this subject is:

1. Taylor, J.R., 1982. An introduction to error analysis. The study of uncertainties in physical measurements. Oxford University Press, Mill Valey, CA

2. JCGM, 2008. Evaluation of measurement data — Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008. International Organization for Standardization. (http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf).

3. Some examples (see the link)

Just search for keywords: uncertainties, error propagation and you will find plenty of examples.Good luck.

http://ipl.physics.harvard.edu/wp-uploads/2013/03/PS3_Error_Propagation_sp13.pdf

Thanks Ferenc. I am also looking for examples in seismic exploration industry, how people estimate uncertainties and then communicate to others.

Here is an article:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.012

Most of the seismic exploration uncertainties are calculated by the seismic data handling software (is very difficult and time consuming otherwise). You can consult some of the specialized software and look in the users guide for various calculations/methods.