Dear Hima:

At the first, and as you know: Induction coil design can have a major impact on part quality, process efficiency, and manufacturing costs. How do you know if your coil design is best for your part and process? Here are some induction coil basics and five tips to optimize your design.

The induction coil determines how effectively and efficiently a workpiece is heated. Induction coils are water-cooled copper conductors made of copper tubing that is readily formed into the shape of the coil for the induction heating process. Induction heating coils do not themselves get hot as water flows through them.

Work coils range in complexity from a simple helical- or solenoid-wound coil (consisting of a number of turns of copper tube wound around a mandrel) to a coil that is precision machined from solid copper and brazed.

Coils transfer energy from the power supply to the workpiece by generating an alternating electromagnetic field due to the alternating current flowing in them. The coil’s alternating electromagnetic field (EMF) generates an induced current (eddy current) in the workpiece, which generates heat due to I Squared R losses (core losses).

The current in the workpiece is proportional to the coil’s EMF strength. This transfer of energy is known as the transformer effect or eddy current effect.

Transformers & Induction Coils

Because coils use the transformer effect, characteristics of transformers can be helpful in understanding coil design. The inductor is similar to a transformer primary, and the workpiece is equivalent to the transformer secondary (assumed to be a single turn).

# There are two important features of transformers that impact coil design:

Efficiency of coupling between the windings is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

(Current in the primary of the transformer * number of primary turns) = (current in the secondary * number of secondary turns)

Because of the above relationships, there are five conditions that should be kept in mind when designing any coil for induction heating:

# There are five basic tips for designing your induction heating coil:

1. Higher flux density near the heating area means a higher current is generated in the part.

The coil should be coupled as close to the part as possible, and the largest possible number of magnetic flux lines therefore intersect the workpiece at the heating point. This allows for maximum energy transfer.

2. The greatest number of flux lines in a solenoid coil are toward the center of the coil.

The flux lines are concentrated inside the coil, providing the maximum heating rate at that location.

3. The geometric center of the coil is a weak flux path.

Flux is most concentrated closer to the coil turns themselves, and decreases with distance from the turns.

If a part were placed off center in a coil, the area closer to the coil turns would intersect a greater number of flux lines and thus be heated at a higher rate. The area of the part away from the copper coil experiences less coupling and would be heated at a lower rate.

This effect is more pronounced in high-frequency induction heating.

4. The magnetic center of the inductor is not necessarily the geometric center.

At the point where the leads and coil join, the magnetic field is weaker.

This effect is most pronounced in single-turn coils. As the number of coil turns increases and the flux from each turn is added to that from the previous turns, this condition becomes less important.

Due to the impracticality of always centering the part in the work coil, the part should be offset slightly toward this area in static heating applications. If possible, the part should be rotated to provide uniform exposure.

5. Coil must be designed to prevent cancellation of the magnetic field.

If opposite sides of the inductor are too close, the coil does not have sufficient inductance required for efficient heating. Putting a loop in the coil at the center will offset this effect. The coil will then heat a conducting material inserted in the opening.

Also you could benefit from this valuable article:

"COMSOL Simulation for Design of Induction Heating System in VULCAN Facility"

@https://www.hindawi.com/journals/stni/2021/9922503/.

I hope it will be helpful...

With my best regards...

Also you could benefit from this valuable article about your topic at:

http://stahovanie-profi.wp.mediatel.sk/neiu2rpj/viewtopic.php?page=design-and-calculation-of-induction-heating-coils

Indeed, i have attached an important pdf file ...

"Handbook of Induction Heating"

Valery Rudnev, Don Loveless, Raymond L. Cook

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https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315117485-3

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Published online on: 11 Jul 2017.

I hope it will be helpful...

Hassan Nasser Thank you for the detailed explanation