I suspect that TENS is barking up the wrong tree. The mammalian stress mechanism indicates that diabetes is caused by combinations of chronic environmental stresses that accelerate capillary senescence, which undermines tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Therefore diabetic “neuropathy” may be due to tissue oxygen starvation rather than faulty nociceptor activity. The simplest way to improve tissue oxygenation is to breathe small concentrations of carbon dioxide. This will open the capillary gate to optimize tissue perfusion and oxygenation with remaining capillaries, and enhance the release of oxygen from hemoglobin as it transits oxygen starved tissues. Carbon dioxide also promotes angiogenesis. Accelerated capillary senescence also explains the close relationship between diabetes and essential hypertension.