Dear Dr. Basu!

You raised an issue of critical importance. COVID-19 seems to produce serious side - effects:

1) Michael Marshall (2020). How COVID-19 can damage the brain - Some people who become ill with the coronavirus develop neurological symptoms. Scientists are struggling to understand why. News Feature, Nature 585, 342-343 (2020), 15 September 2020, Citation: " The list now includes stroke, brain haemorrhage and memory loss. It is not unheard of for serious diseases to cause such effects, but the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic means that thousands or even tens of thousands of people could already have these symptoms, and some might be facing lifelong problems as a result." Open Access, Available at:https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02599-5

2) Michael Marshall (2020). The lasting misery of coronavirus long-haulers - Months after infection with SARS-CoV-2, some people are still battling crushing fatigue, lung damage and other symptoms of ‘long COVID’. News Freature

Nature 585, 339-341 (2020), Open Access, Available at:

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02598-6

3) Dana Yelin et al. (2020). Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs, THE LANCET Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 10, October 01, 2020, Citation: " Paul Garner, a professor of epidemiology at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK, wrote on the 95th day after the onset of symptoms that “I am unable to be out of bed for more than three hours at a stretch, my arms and legs are permanently fizzing as if injected with Szechuan peppercorns, I have ringing in the ears, intermittent brain fog, palpitations, and dramatic mood swings.” " Open Access, Available at:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30701-5/fulltext

It seems that side-effects might lead to long-term complications. Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Thank you Bulcsu Szekely for sharing such valuable information. I will definitely go through the mentioned articles for gaining better insight.

Hi!

Mousumi,

Check the following links, you may get some info.

COVID-19 after-effects and rehabilitation

(https://www.epworth.org.au/who-we-are/our-services/rehabilitation/covid-19-after-effects-and-rehabilitation)

From ‘brain fog’ to heart damage, COVID-19’s lingering problems alarm scientists

(https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/brain-fog-heart-damage-covid-19-s-lingering-problems-alarm-scientists#:~:text=The%20list%20of%20lingering%20maladies,lungs%2C%20kidneys%2C%20and%20brain.)

COVID-19 (coronavirus): Long-term effects

(https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351)

What are the long-term health risks following COVID-19?

(https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/what-are-the-long-term-health-risks-post-covid-19)

What we know about Long-term effects of COVID-19

(https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update-36-long-term-symptoms.pdf?sfvrsn=5d3789a6_2)

Take a look at these useful RG links.

Article Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections ...

Article New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19

Article Long-Term Neurological Threats of COVID-19: A Call to Update...

Article Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus...

Article Anticipating the long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19

Please also see the link below.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2771581

Also go through the following link and a PDF attachment.

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200831/COVID-19-patients-may-experience-long-term-cardiovascular-complications.aspx

Dear Mousumi Basu after effects are once you have recovered by COVID-19. I believe there will be thousand of publications in the next year. Only time will tell.

Patients- Pulmo/neuro/cardio sequelae, depression, economic loss, etc

Relatives- social stigma, fear, and denial

Doctors and staff- Burnout

I would say it is imperative to document all the above to form standard management guidelines for all mentioned above.

Please have a look at the following links to fathom the complications after COVID-19 in long-haulers:

1. Preprint An Analysis of Self-reported Longcovid Symptoms on Twitter

2. https://www.pacificresearch.org/covid-19s-long-term-effects-raise-the-stakes-of-the-game/

3. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update-36-long-term-symptoms.pdf?sfvrsn=5d3789a6_2

The lasting misery of coronavirus long-haulers

(https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02598-6)

Three permanent side-effects of COVID-19 that are pretty creepy

(https://in.yahoo.com/style/three-permanent-sideeffects-of-covid-19-that-are-pretty-creepy-111859983.html)

https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/long-covid

This recent study from Prof Tim Spectre's team gives a good overview

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-Tt8L-kmbQ

Also, see the following RG links.

Article More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic rev...

Article Short- and Potential Long-term Adverse Health Outcomes of CO...

Unfortunately, day after day, it becomes clear that infection with Covid-19 causes many symptoms that appear after a long time after infection, including kidney failure, cirrhosis of the liver, clots, infertility, and other pathological symptoms.

Please also have a look at the following RG links.

Article Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Curr...

Article Post COVID-19 fibrosis, an emerging complication of SARS-CoV...

Article Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Lifesaving Challenge

Article Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the COVID-19 era (Review)

Article Post covid 19 pulmonary fibrosis- Is it reversible?

Etapa de post covid

COVID-19 (coronavirus): Long-term effects

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351#:~:text=In%20some%20people%2C%20lasting%20health,they%20have%20had%20COVID%2D19%20.

COVID-19 infection has been associated with the development of new-onset hyperglycemia and diabetes.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41387-021-00163-2.pdf

https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1550-4131%2821%2900428-9

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1753-0407.13187

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMc2018688?articleTools=true

https://pmj.bmj.com/content/postgradmedj/early/2021/08/04/postgradmedj-2021-140807.full.pdf

https://medcraveonline.com/EMIJ/EMIJ-09-00302.pdf

Also visit the link below.

https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2021/06/08/how-covid-19-can-lead-to-diabetes/

Dear Dr Mousumi Basu . See the following useful RG link: Article Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for health...

Kindly check also the following very good RG link: Article Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review

COVID-19 infection can cause erectile dysfunction.

Article COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With New Onset Erectile Dys...

Article The Epidemic of COVID-19-Related Erectile Dysfunction: A Sco...

Article The Sexual Long COVID (SLC): erectile dysfunction as a bioma...

Article COVID-19 Endothelial Dysfunction Can Cause Erectile Dysfunct...

Article “Mask up to keep it up”: Preliminary evidence of the associa...

Also check please the following useful RG link: Article Long-term complications of COVID-19

Please also see the following RG link.

Article SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Possible Multifaceted Pathology

Also go through the following RG links.

Article Long-Term Neurological Impact of COVID-19

Article Long-Term Brain Disorders in Post Covid-19 Neurological Synd...

Please also have a look at this:

Article Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19

Even mild COVID-19 is associated with brain structure alterations and cognitive impairment.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-022-00661-6

People who survive the acute phase of COVID-19 are at increased risk of an array of incident mental health disorders.

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/376/bmj-2021-068993.full.pdf

Also have a look at this:

Article Association of acute kidney injury with 1-year outcome of ki...

Also, see the link below.

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220506/Is-type-1-diabetes-likely-to-rise-after-the-COVID-pandemic.aspx

Please also visit the following link.

https://www.primary-care-diabetes.com/article/S1751-9918(22)00100-0/fulltext

Although COVID-19 is seen as a disease that primarily affects the lungs, it can also damage many other organs, including the heart, kidneys and the brain.

In some people, lasting health effects may include long-term breathing problems, heart complications, chronic kidney impairment, stroke and Guillain-Barre syndrome — a condition that causes temporary paralysis.

Much of the heart damage caused by COVID-19 is believed to stem from very small clots that block tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the heart muscle. Many people who have recovered from SARS have gone on to develop chronic fatigue syndrome, a complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that worsens with physical or mental activity; the same may be true for people who have had COVID-19. Researchers recommend that doctors closely monitor people who have had COVID-19 to see how their organs are functioning after recovery. To sum it up: Close monitoring seems the best way to avoid the chronification of aftereffects, even if recovery was speedy.

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A metabolic perspective (nih.gov)

Please see the following important research:

"More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-95565-8

Please see also:

https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/managing-the-long-term-effects-of-covid-19

&

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00146-3/fulltext