Giant resonances are collective excited states, high energy and small amplitute
Chapter Excitation and decay of electric giant resonances — especial...
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Giant resonances in atomic nuclei refer to highly collective excited states. For instance, the centre of mass of the neutron fluid can oscillate relative to the centre of mass of the proton fluid. It is called giant dipole resonance. A cluster state is also a collective state which has a few-body configuration. For instance, the famous Hoyle state in the 12C nucleus, which consists of three, loosely bound alpha particles.
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Alexis
In nuclear reactions giant resonance is a wide maximum in the reaction cross section plotted as a function of incident particle energy. Giant resonances are observed in photonuclear reactions, in reactions with incident electrons, protons, alpha particles, and in other nuclear reactions. The nature of giant resonances is explained as follows. Giant resonance is response of nucleus to electric field of incident particle. Atomic nucleus is excited by the field, and due to this oscillates. (For example in nuclei protons and neutrons oscillate relative each other, and several types of oscillation take place.) External fields can be of different nature and they have various multipolarity. Fields transfer to the nucleus the orbital angular momentum L, the spin S, and the isospin T. So giant resonances are specified by these quantum numbers L, S, T, and are classified in terms of them.
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