It depends on the drug you are using. If it is chemotherapy, you can use a MTS assay or Xcelligence on cells (to measure apoptosis). If your carrier has immunomodulatory activity, you can do a variety of assays with flowcytometry checking activation markers on APC and T cells, T cell proliferation etc. You can also check for cytokines secretion using ELISA.
Yes I agree with Mr. Francesco, for the inflammatory response of nanoparticles we can use assays like ELISA IL-6,IL-8, TNF-GAMMA.
Depending upon the type of response.
If you want to check for the anti-proliferative effect of your nanoparticle / drug carrier on cancer cells, you could easily employ MTS/MTT and Live/Dead assay. In the case of inflammatory responses to your carriers, you should go for specific ELISA tests, for example to detect pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) or anti-inflammatory ones (TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-1ra).
Good luck!
As mentioned above the definitely the ability of your nanoparticle to kill or inhibit cancer growth needs to the quantified with proliferation and or apoptosis assays. You can assay for anti-inflammatory markers in the cancer cells using RT-PCR, ELISA, western blots etc
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