Over the past 2–3 years, agronomic interventions in Uttar Pradesh have significantly boosted yields of pearl millet and sorghum, especially under dryland and semi-arid conditions. For pearl millet, the adoption of location-specific recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combined with micronutrient supplementation—particularly zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄ at 25 kg/ha) and foliar iron (FeSO₄ at 0.5–0.75% at 20–25 DAS)—has led to notable grain yield increases, with hybrid varieties like AHB1200 Fe showing strong performance. Seed treatment with bioinoculants such as Azospirillum, along with timely thinning, gap filling, and weeding (at 3 and 5 weeks post-sowing), further enhanced plant vigor and productivity. For sorghum, intercropping with pearl millet in a 25:75 ratio under line sowing methods has proven superior for green fodder yield and economic returns, especially in multicut systems. Line sowing consistently outperformed broadcast sowing in both crops, improving plant spacing, nutrient uptake, and overall biomass. These integrated practices not only improved yield but also enhanced fodder quality and farm profitability.