In terms of vaccine solution, the vaccine (ex: protein sub-unit based) is contained inside nanoparticles (ex: PLGA). Does the adjuvant inside the nanoparticle as well or act as a solvent that dilutes the nanoparticle?
PLGA, as a kind of biomolecule, can dissolve in its certain solvents; however, the solvent effects of vaccine or everything that is loaded in this nanoparticle is directly related to the nature of the vaccine. PLGA due to its polar chemo-functional groups can totally show hydrophilic behavior (of course the length of its chain is effective in values of its water solubility) and is appropriate for water-soluble agents although is a specific situation it can use for entrapment of non-water-soluble therapeutic agents as well.
Presumably if you want both the protein subunit and the adjuvant to be delivered concomitantly, both should be encapsulated within the PLGA carriers. However, the feasibility of this approach actually depends on the solubility of the adjuvant within the polymer matrix. Therefore, as outlined by M. R. Mozafari it is important for you to state which adjuvant you will be using.