e,g, :

Toxic Effect of Acute Cadmium and Lead Exposure in Rat Blood, Liver, and Kidney.

Andjelkovic M, Buha Djordjevic A, Antonijevic E, Antonijevic B, Stanic M, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Jovanovic M, Boricic N, Wallace D, Bulat Z. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 18;16(2)

Dear Dr Fricker,

Thank you for your reaction. It is good to realize that workers are also exposed to different metals at a time, for example welders. And that this increases the toxic load, even below limit values.

Specifically I am looking for urinary lead levels measured in humans and toxic effects, maybe my question was not clear enough,

Best wishes from The Netherlands,

Bas de Barbanson

I think everything will be toxic for body if it is present higher than body saturation state , so only old data is not sufficient to ensure its safety.

Dear Chhatra Ram

In fact there are no safe (urinary) lead levels especially for children (WHO).

The chance that lead causes tissue damage increases with increased exposure.

We now know levels above +/- 100 µg lead/gram creatinine in urine are dangerous lead levels for adults. But lower levels can be dangerous too for susceptible workers.

Best wishes from The Netherlands,

Bas de Barbanson