Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and membrane separation are gas separation technologies with distinct advantages and disadvantages. PSA achieves higher purity levels (95% to 99.999%) compared to membranes (90% to 99.9%). PSA is highly efficient when adsorption and desorption kinetics align, while membrane efficiency varies based on membrane material and pressure differentials. PSA is influenced by temperature, requiring careful process design, while the membrane is less affected. PSA systems are more complex with adsorbent beds and valves, whereas membranes have simpler configurations. PSA demands more frequent maintenance due to adsorbent replacement, while membranes require less but have a finite lifespan. PSA experiences pressure and flow fluctuations during swing adsorption, while membranes offer stable pressure and flow under continuous conditions. PSA startup is slower due to adsorbent equilibration, whereas membranes offer rapid startup. PSA can be sensitive to water vapor and oil, whereas membranes are generally less sensitive to water vapor but require proper filtration to avoid oil fouling. PSA systems can be noisier and heavier, while membranes operate quietly with lighter physical footprints. The choice between the two depends on specific application needs and operational considerations.