I have been looking for cite worthy papers on the subject, but they seem to be hard to find. Thanks!
You may look up the recent article in Immunity by Germain 2013 on the role of IL-1b in influenza-induced inflammation. Neutrophils and monocytes to a lesser extend have preformed IL-1b in the lung.
Thanks for your answer, Zissis. However, for these "oldfashioned" cytokines (IL-1b, TNFb, even IFNg) this has been described nicely decades ago. Problem is that for the "more recently" discovered (i.e.: less than 20 yrs ago), such aspects were obviously not considered interesting enough anymore. I guess, this is the reason why one doesn't find much about this for the mediators I mentioned.
Although small amounts of immunoreactive TNF-alpha have been found preformed in the secretory granules of mast cells, >99% of the protein in every examined mouse, rat, or human mast cell consists of enzymatically active neutral proteases ionically bound to serglycin proteoglcyans. When activated by IgE and antigen, mast cells quickly release their preformed histamine and protease-serglycin complexes from their secretory granules. A minute or so latter, the activated mast cell generates and releases various lipid mediators. Thirty mins to 4 hours latter, the activated mast cell dramatically increases its levels of transcripts that encode numerous cytokines and chemokines. The is the cytokine storm that occurs in the mast cell-dependent late phase reaction. Mouse and human mast cells can express varied combinations of >35 cytokines and chemokines. Thus, when you look for the expression of a cytokine like IL-6 is critical. Its mRNA level generally peaks about an hour after mast cells are activated. Since it takes time for the induced IL-6 transcript to be translated and for the cytokine to be released into the conditioned medium, investigators generally evalaute IL-6 protein levels in their samples y an ELISAs ~4 hours after the IgE sensitized mast cell encounters antigen.
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