The excess of self-citations is a bad editorial and self-promotion practice of the researcher to achieve a higher qualification in scientific productivity.

Indispensable the self-citation if the work is original and there are no direct antecedents of other authors on the subject under investigation, only the experience and results of own research endorsed and published by Prestigio Journal.

In this RG network, all self-appointments are removed for qualification according to the "h" indicator.

Omolayo - a good response from Joshua. It does vary as to how 'ethical' it is as different factors can come into play. For some researchers i.e. those who are leaders in niche disciplines, they often have no alternative but to cite at least some of their work. I, quite often self-cite (although not as much as I used to) - specially some of my work is 'methodological' - so I'm bound to use methodologies of my choice and cite my 'worldview' to support them. My discipline is not niche - but I have a significant body of work published the area - so I can't really ignore the fact that it is there - especially if many others are citing my work as well.

I do agree, but at the review stage, that if it looks like an author is 'over-inflating' their work (usually quite easy to spot) then it should be addressed at that stage - before it goes to proof. No penalty should be imposed - other than the article potentially rejected by reviewers due to over-citation and, therefore, a lack of broader and wider international representation of the literature.

I don't think it is about the number of self-citation relevant here. But any paper cited should be relevant and appropriate. However, abused self-promotions by self-citation is unethical.

Not any harm of self citation but it should be relevant reference in research article.

At first, it doesn't look very pleasant and ethical, however; I think that if a resercher is one of the most important people in the field, (I think such researcher is rarely), it may be. Otherwise it is not appropriate.

On the other hand, the reviewers will evaluate this article and submit their opinions to the editor. I think the editor can accept if the article is cited with proper articles. If not, it will already reject. In my opinion no penalty need in this issue.

I agree with both Joshua and J.M.Koli

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Most articles published with senior Professors names are prepared by their research students under mentorship. That makes it difficult for a student who learnt a lot under a senior man/woman to ignore what, how and through what he learnt for another citation. Nothing wrong as earlier said by others as long the work is relevant and useful.

Self-citation is good only when mentioning relevant works.

Self citations are good especially when the author is building on earlier findings.

This may arise when the authors are entering into a field where few studies have been done and for that matter the only "recently available literature" within that field are the few past publications of the authors.

But as suggested by earlier contributors, there is the need to make sure that the authors do not over concentrate on only their publications when there are other available literature that can be referenced.

Apart from that, self citation also introduces readers to other publications by the same authors that may be relevant to the readers' works.

Hi,

I agree with you all for saying self citations are good for researchers because they can build a visibility for their research and expand the likelihood of being cited by others. Especially when they diversify their publications in different journals with different publishers.

The relevance and the adequacy of papers to be self-cited are important in order

to help others produce knowledge.

Senior researchers always use self citations more than 40% of the total references in an article. If the citation is justified there is no problem. I agree with @ Wassim J. Aloulou, if the self citations helps visibility. ..Why not!

So far in my opinion, if you are extending the work done already in previous research papers then self citation has no objections at all.Also if anybody does self citation he/she should see that does the context of the citation is suitable to mention early work or not.

- Everything should be in moderation- If you overcite your article, it would not be welcomed. If one article follow naturally to the other one or have similar topics than you can safely cite yourself.

It is quite advisable to cite any relevant article irrespective of who is the author, so far the article is related and have vital information to support the results of the present manuscript.

I see nothing wrong in self-citation - especially if the subject-matter of the paper was initiated by yourself and you feel as the indisputable leader in the field the article is devoted to.

In the essence, I agree with Dr. Leonid Vladimirov, except a leader may have dozens of articles, and I think it makes sense to cite just the most relevant ones.

Scientifically and morally, the self-citation of the articles is not bad but it should be specialized on the relevant articles only and without exaggeration in the number of articles cited in one manuscript. I see a lot of specialists with high scientific reputation try to cite their articles in their own manuscripts without hesitation or embarrassment.

If you are a renowned scholar, you may disclose some nuances in your theory development or key findings from empirical surveys that have been shaping your attitude to related research issues/ topics through the years.

If you do not possess such great contributions in the scientific field, it is recommended to use your previous publications, only if you need to disclose something important to your current study that you want to emphasize and not to overexpose yourself.

Of course self-advertisement cannot be neglected, but educated audience appraises everything in a correct way sooner or later. What I recommend is a prudent balance between modesty and demonstration of sweet confidence in the deliberate aims and achieved results, shown in your scientific papers. Please, do not demonstrate scientific overconfidence or insolence! An old proverb states that a man resembles a fraction. The denominator discloses how you appreciate your value, while the numerator shows how the other people appraise the quality of your work, i.e. what really your value is.

Thank you all for your valuable contributions to this discussion. Much appreciations to Drs Kiril Dimitrov , Sajda Taha Mahmood , Mohsin Talib Mohammed , Ali A. Al-Homaidan , Len Leonid Mizrah , Leonid V Vladimirov , Kingsley Chidi Nnakwo , Emre Pakdemirli , Muhammad Faraz Mubarak , Safia Belhadj , Joshua O. Ighalo , Dean Whitehead . All your contributions are well respected. Kudos !

Depends from area of research, sometimes self citation is only possible way due to lack of other research in relevant field or you have big impact on research in relevant area.

A researcher should have a focus, and each of your research or conceptual studies should fall within this focus. Therefore it is reasonable to include a small number of self-citations, if they make significant contributions to your new work. Avoid the practice of cramming in past articles just for the sake of getting more citations.

Omolayo M. Ikumapayi -

Generally, to assure an accurate practice, self-citations should be used to support the arguments, not to demonstrate your research. Moreover, self-cites may used to compare recent findings with previous results when studying the same theme. The important point here is to avoid turning self-citations into self-promotion

Much appreciated ! I want to sincerely thank Dr. Mohamed Hossni , Dr. Michael W. Marek and Dr. Karen A. Darbinyan for your invaluable contributions. They are all noted and appreciated.

Everybody should read an article on this topic published recently in Nature!

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02479-7?utm_source=fbk_nnc&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=naturenews&sf218004687=1

Regards

GB