I am afraid there is too little information here to help you.
Could you provide some images of your negative and secondary only control as well as the final stain so we see which step exactly introduces the background?
This would be a good start to search for a solution.
When performing immunofluorescence on mouse skin tissue, a high background signal can be caused by several factors, including non-specific antibody binding, autofluorescence, and inadequate blocking of non-specific binding sites.
Here are some suggestions to help reduce background and improve the signal-to-noise ratio:
Optimize blocking: Increase the blocking buffer concentration and duration to help reduce non-specific binding. Consider using a blocking buffer that contains both serum and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to help block non-specific binding sites.
Reduce antibody concentration: Dilute the primary and secondary antibodies to reduce non-specific binding. Use a range of dilutions to determine the optimal concentration for your specific antibody and tissue.
Use a negative control: Include a negative control slide to determine the specificity of the staining. This can be a slide that is incubated with an isotype-matched control antibody or a slide that is not incubated with any primary antibody.
Increase wash steps: Increase the number of wash steps and the duration of each wash step to help remove any unbound antibodies or other non-specifically bound molecules.
Use a different secondary antibody: If the background signal persists, try using a different secondary antibody that has been cross-adsorbed against mouse IgG. This can help reduce non-specific binding to mouse tissue.
Quench autofluorescence: Autofluorescence can be quenched by incubating the tissue with a solution containing sodium borohydride or Sudan black B. However, be aware that these treatments can affect the antigenicity of some targets, so it is important to optimize the protocol.
Optimize tissue processing: Optimize the fixation and processing of the tissue to minimize autofluorescence and non-specific binding. Consider using fresh, unfixed tissue or changing the fixation protocol.
It is important to note that the optimization of immunofluorescence protocols can be highly specific to the target and tissue being studied, so it may be necessary to perform several rounds of optimization experiments to achieve the desired results.