I am aware that the most efficient use of UV lamps for disinfection of water generally is to submerge them in the water flow inside a reaction chamber with a distance from the quarts sleeve to the inner wall of the reaction chamber that is optimised to the minimal transparency of the treated water.

I have a special treatment case from a small community in Greenland. There, water treatment possibilities are limited due to the climate (permafrost) and almost no access to technical maintenance. We cannot do any biological treatment of wastewater but it is desired to reduce the bacteria load so we need to use UV on municipal wastewater which is only coagulated and micro-filtered. In order to avoid grease fouling of the quarts sleeves, two students from my university build a bench scale UV system. The lamp is placed in the air above the wastewater flow, which is very shallow (

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