I am working on Financial Statement Fraud (FSF) Predictions. I am working on how to define and measure FSF. I have identified that it can be measured through enforcements, auditor opinion, some established model like M-score/F-Score and through red flags.
Plz can someone help me to identify some established model to identify red flags in financial statements using data from annual report.
If there is some other way to measure FSF (I.e. enforcements, auditor opinion, established ex-ante models and red flags) then plz share with reference model.
Thank You
Financial statement analysis (both horizontal and vertical) is probably the best approach in this regard. Models regarding red flags or other approaches can be found in similar research already conducted in this field. Google Scholar, ResearchGate, etc. would be your best websites to search.
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