Aniket Kumar Verma, A. C. Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Singh
[Abstract
Vegetables are the cheapest and most nutritious food source that is affordable for the impoverished. They are also important to the human diet because they contain fiber, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. They are non-nutrient bioactive compounds necessary for reducing muscular degeneration, detoxifying carcinogens, and strengthening the immune system. The world has come to understand how important it is to eat veggies to maintain excellent health. In addition to their medical properties, vegetables are vital to both India’s national economic and nutritional security because of their short growing seasons and yields per unit that are five to ten times higher than those of cereal crops. Over the past few decades, the production of vegetables has become more significant for global trade. As a result of rising income levels, there has been a simultaneous growth in both the demand and supply for vegetables. Thanks to the serious efforts made by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, State Agricultural Universities, State Agricultural Departments, Private Seed Agencies, and growers. India has become the world’s second-largest producer, behind China. This degree of vegetable production in India has been made possible by the rapid advancement of technology in vegetable science. Today, India produces nearly enough vegetables to feed it and can even export some excess. However, true self-sufficiency can only be achieved when every Indian is guaranteed the recommended 300 g of vegetables per head per day, comprising 120 g of leafy vegetables, 90 g of roots, and 90 g of other vegetables. However, in India, the amount of vegetables consumed per person per day is far less than what is considered normal; therefore, a significant increase in vegetable intake will be necessary to address the issues of under- and malnutrition. India is blessed with a diverse range of climates and an enormous amount of diversification in terms of the genetic makeup of vegetable crops. More than 80% of the region has been covered by the enormous advancements made in developing high-yielding hybrids and types since independence. Recently, advancements have been made in developing off-season variants of specific vegetable crops, enabling their year-round production. Comparably, significant advancements have been made in the creation, standardization, and administration of technology about the prudent application of mineral nutrients, biofertilizers, irrigation, plant growth regulators, bio-control, organic manure, and vegetable-based cropping systems for higher and higher quality production of vegetable crops. Similarly, technology for producing high-quality seeds is advancing to meet demands and obstacles in the future. As a result of the constant evolution of various new varieties, diseases, insect pests, and other inputs, as well as the demands that always arise, production technology is continuously improved and adjusted.The focus of teaching courses on vegetable crop production technology to B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Agriculture Science, M.Sc. and Ph.D. Vegetable Science students are to impart fundamental information about the basic principles of growing vegetable crops on a domestic or commercial scale.]