Use of membrane-based processes in the industry is an interesting area for modern membrane science and technology. Currently, membranes are the only technology that can provide “absolute” barrier to protect public health when treating water for drinking quality, membranes become the most economical technology to desalinate brackish and seawater, and membranes are opening new era for water reuse, Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) and Direct Potable Reuse (DPR).

Recently, membrane technology and nano-materials have attention for wastewater treatment.

Use of membrane-based processes in the industry is an interesting area for modern membrane science and technology. Currently, membranes are the only technology that can provide “absolute” barrier to protect public health when treating water for drinking quality, membranes become the most economical technology to desalinate brackish and seawater, and membranes are opening new era for water reuse, Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) and Direct Potable Reuse (DPR).

Let's not forget that membranes are a separation technology.

The ultra-filtration (UF) membranes used in membrane bioreactors (MBR's) retain only solids but not soluble pollutants.

We convert up to 99% of both soluble and non-soluble (solid) pollutants (organic and nutrients) to green energy and blue water by advanced biological treatment without membranes.

If needed, nano-filtration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membranes can be added for polishing and water reuse.

The question is vague. Hence, my suggestions will be brief.

A typical wastewater treatment will include treatment of liquid stream and treatment of solid stream to achieve the desired outcomes including environmental licence/permit or recycling/disposal.

Sorry, before I completed my response I must have closed it. Read more below:

New and emerging technologies for

- primary treatment - fine screening

- secondary treatment - Nereda, short cut nitritation/denitrification, membrane separation of effluent from mixed liquor.

- sludge conditioning before anaerobic digestion - thermal hydrolysis of sludge

- advanced water treatment - two staged membrane filtration UF/RO

Use advance water treatment like membrane filtration, Adsorption, biochar, activated carbon etc

Try on Advanced oxidation process

It depends on the matrix of the wastewater. If it is industrial and high toxic material, an older but proven technology that has been proven to have both anaerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways for toxic material, Solids and TDS, for destruction is rotating biological contactors (RBCs). The fixed film "evolves" quickly to select for those organisms that can tolerate a specific wastewater, use it as a substrate, and if there are shock loads, will not crash the system as the outer layer sloughs off. Orders of magnitude higher biomass than dispersed growth systems.

We also offer gel type material to adsorb heavy metals such as selenium. If you submit the sample matrix/BOD/COD/MLSS breakdown, we can offer a solution.

Obviously, depending on the matrix of waste water, treatment method could be selected. Following Dr P Zemek , I am also in the same opinion that in case of high degree of oxygen demanding waste, old method has no alternatives. Primary and secondary treatment including trickling filter, rotating biological contactors and oxidation pond , must be needed. Only, in tertiary treatment, advanced and modern methods might be employed.

Dear Researcher - H Z.

The insight info I will be giving, indicates a proven WWT system termed as "Dewats System".

It means Decentralised waste water treatment system.

It uses a natural type of treatmnt ie septic tanks , same flows thro next into stone filters from large size and fine and plants( phyto R) is also used.

Send you a paper describing the Dewats process and with 6 odd site

examples.

Well wishes

Prof Ajit Seshadri ..