Hypertensive crisis is an umbrella term for hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency. These two conditions occur when blood pressure becomes very high, possibly causing organ damage.

Hypertensive Urgency Hypertensive urgency occurs when blood pressure spikes -- blood pressure readings are 180/110 or higher -- but there is no damage to the body's organs. Blood pressure can be brought down safely within a few hours with blood pressure medication.

Hypertensive Emergency Hypertensive emergency means blood pressure is so high that organ damage can occur. Blood pressure must be reduced immediately to prevent imminent organ damage.Organ damage associated with hypertensive emergency may include:Changes in mental status, such as confusion Bleeding into the brain (stroke) Heart failure Chest pain (unstable angina) Fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) Heart attack Aneurysm (aortic dissection) Eclampsia (occurs during pregnancy) Hypertensive emergency is rare. When it does occur, it is often when hypertension goes untreated, if the patient does not take their blood pressure medication, or they have taken an over-the-counter medication that exacerbates high blood pressure.

Symptoms of Hypertensive Emergency Symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:Headache or blurred vision Increasing confusion Seizure Increasing chest pain Increasing shortness of breath Swelling or edema (fluid buildup in the tissues)

Diagnosing Hypertensive Emergency To diagnose a hypertensive emergency, your health care providers will ask you several questions to get a better understanding of your medical history. They will also need to know all medications you are taking, including nonprescription and recreational drugs. Also, be sure to tell them if you are taking any herbal or dietary supplements.Certain tests will be performed to monitor blood pressure and assess organ damage, including:Regular monitoring of blood pressure Eye exam to look for swelling and bleeding Blood and urine testing