Yes you can. you can used AFM to measured the hardness of your material.

You can map the mechanical properties of your material by using various AFM-based techniques.

For details see the following my papers:

Polyaniline-nanodiamond fibers resulting from the self-assembly of nano-fibrils: a nanomechanical study - Nanoscale 2015, 7, 14358-14367 - 10.1039/c5nr02096d

On the tip calibration for accurate modulus measurement by contact resonance atomic force microscopy - Ultramicroscopy, 128 (2013) 32-41 - 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.02.003

Mechanical characterization of polymeric thin films by atomic force microscopy based techniques - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405 (2013) 1463-1478 - Critical review on invitation  - 10.1007/s00216-012-6419-3

Acoustics and atomic force microscopy for the mechanical characterization of thin films - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 396 (2010) 2769-2783 -  10.1007/s00216-009-3402-8

Indentation modulus and hardness of viscoelastic thin films by atomic force microscopy: A case study; Ultramicroscopy, 109 (2009) 1417-1427  - 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.07.008

Local indentation modulus characterization of diamondlike carbon films by atomic force acoustic microscopy two contact resonance frequencies imaging technique -  Applied Physics Letters, 88 (2006) 121910 (3 pages) - 10.1063/1.2188376

1.      Ankudinov A. V. Nyapshaev I. A., Voznyakovskii A. P. Nanocarbons-Induced Hardening of Ultrathin Polysiloxane Block Copolymer Films //Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures, 2012. -V.20. -№4-7. -P.487–495,

Nanoscratch can be used to measure nano-hardness of materials. For more details go through below link. This article might be helpful. 

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032386116301227