I am looking for either empirical or theoretical works that challenge or question the relationship between the effective number of parties and democratic performance.
Several years ago I read an article criticizing Lijphart's work in this area with the argument that most measures of democracy are biased toward more fractionalized party systems but I just cannot remember the author or the titles of the article.
This or any other works would be welcomed!
If you haven't already read it, you might enjoy Simone Weil's short essay "On the Abolition of All Political Parties" in which she argues about how parties undermine democracy. It may not be useful in your research but it's relevance to the current situation in the US may amuse you. https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/1590177819/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o04_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
I leave here for you 2 interesting articles on this theme, hope they are helpful:
https://sites.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/stm103%20articles/schmidt_Types_of_demo_and_perf.pdf
https://kellogg.nd.edu/sites/default/files/old_files/documents/144_0.pdf
Thanks for the links, as the current efforts to replace democracy in the US with monarchy have progressed, discussion about the meanings of "democracy" seem to be coming to the fore.
You can also check this one: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10258-019-00158-z
where I argue that for local governments, there are no differences for democratic performance whether party A or B is in charge. That might go in the direction you are looking for.
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