Hello,

According to Maxwell equations for plasma condition, it is possible to get plasma density, but initially it's important to check temperature, length relation with plasma density, because plasma density is directly proportional to square root of temperature and length both.

Thanks,

As you say depends on plasma temperature accordingly Saha equation (equation number 190 that you can find at Data Useful formula and excel tables for plasma physics V05

But also Popov, Pintassilgo and Guerra said there are other mechanisms.

so plasma in a volume is directly proportional on particles density multiplied by ionization percentage that usually is the 100% of the plasma in any fusion reactor.

I should like to measure it, so it depends basically on coupling coefficient between plasma and magnetic probe and plasma inductance. Perhaps a hall plasma thrusters investigator have something to say about

Can you get your magnetic probe to work at plasma cut-off frequencies corresponding to densities you wish to measure? Your magnetic probe probably has no directionality at GHz frequencies, so you may not have great localisation of the measurement, although a reflection and range may give you some information.

Neil, it could be a great solution in our pulsotron electrostatic unit, but could be a problem in the magnetic one as long as there the plasma is strongly magnetized, so much that break the magnetic lines is very difficult and would provoke dozens megaelectronvolts that provoke me a lot of headhaches.

Perhaps it could be used the Doppler effect to measure speed and density in the vecinity of the antenna. It could be used the Doppler effect also to measure plasma temperature using a magnetic probe? (of course with a Langmuir is possible)

Dear Javier,

passively unless temperature is above 100 eV radiometric emsision is a complex mix of all kinds of things.

Actively if your antennas works at those frequencies you could try hooking up a VNA to the antenna and sweeping the frequency, then deconvolving the response with the out-going signal, to get some spectral response. If you Fourier transform this you get something like the time response. If there is Doppler shift the interpretation may be more complex. If you have the kit it is probably easier to try measure and see what's there. This is always better than theoretical pontification. Good luck, Neil

My experience is that the only way to obtain somethnig from plasma was optical or perhaps very low impedance measurements, but it was with old pulsotron-2 that radiated megawatts in all the spectra, I hope the new versions would be more friendly with RF.

Thank you Neil. You should visit our Pulsotron-500k project!

https://www.researchgate.net/project/PULSOTRON-500k-SE-500KeV-THERMONUCLEAR-FUSION-REACTOR

Dear Javier,

perhaps on your website you need to present strategic reasons for your particular approach -this world bring greater credibility, thereby more funding and acceptance.

I know many are thinking now there needs to be an alternative approach to massive tokamaks.

For many years at Imperial college they worked on the Z-pinch, So make sure you build on all of their knowledge.

Good luck, Neil

Dear Neil, thanks for the advise, our new project is not a z-pinch (there was a copy paste error from the old web), it is a new concept that no heat electrons.

The first unit is similar to a Stellarator but do not heat ions, but accelerates them using magnetic forces to 500keV

The second one has donut shape but is not a tokamak and accelerates plasma using electrostatic forces

The thirth is a plasma cannon also electrostatics and is based in our experience using las tests of Pulsotron-2 but attached to specific plasma cannons.

We had somee problems with electrons going in opposite directions but was solved in different ways.

I have been working in Z-pinches for some years making hundreds of tests and I realized that not only the z-pinch but also tokamaks heats electrons. We have been heating electrons for more than 50 years without success, so it i s time to change.

I should like present the project in the Imperial College, do you know somebody there?

You are free to join the project.

Dear Javier,

from years ago my supervisor was Bucker Dangor, i believe he is still there. Malcolm Haines previous head died a few years ago, so other than that, just approach the head of the plasma physics dept.

As i recall the energy required to fuse nucleons together is a minimum for a Boltzmann distribution, to if you try to fuse beams together this require more energy, hence the drive for devices like the tokamak and stellerator. However, which ever route you choose to get fusion, you need to make a good case.

best wishes,

Neil

First at all I will say that the real web is www.pulsotron.com (not .org that appear everywere google)

As you say it is needed more energy. 500KeV is the average of used beams, our distribution in simulations is a sine with maximum=1MeV and average is 500KeV, but it does not mind very much because that is the ignition energy only,

If magnetic lines appear it will be obtained 40MeV, so I must test if it is useful energy or not in the Pulsotron-500MAG.

Tokamaks and Stellarator are good devices but I thing are wrong operated. I could make fusion in a Tokamak (in a Sterallator I do not know yet) but I shoud make changes to operate it in a different manner with right parameters, it would be good to borrow one to do that, not big one like jet.

I tested using two magnetic antennas at low frequency, only 10Mhz, and had good results, about 37% amplitude reduction when full plasma was between both antennas