Viruses can't replicate without host, and the so-called in-vitro virus culture actually cultures virus on bacterial biofilm or embryos. would viruses not replicate even if they are presented in a medium with enough ribosome, enzyme, DNA, RNA etc, without any pre-existing "life"? I am asking this as a materials science student, about viability of virus replication in presence of suitable biomaterials,biomolecules and nutrients , without life. How virus detects whether the biochemicals they are using is from "alive" or "dead" host? can that pathway be genetically tweaked?