One expert said the magnetic moment of an electron is due to rotating charge. Since charge has energy is has mass (e=m c c). The means there is centrifugal field between that charge and any mass near by that not move parallel to its motion. Therefore, centrifugal force is a nuclear force inside subatomic particles. Since it is between masses ( centered at the center of gravity), is proportional to mass, is a repulsive force, the decreases with distance it has most of the properties negative gravity should have. But it does not decrease with square of distance; it decreases with distance. F=m v v/r . There is no reason not to have negative gravity inversely proportional to distance not the square of distance. Unless of cause, anti-matter is observed to negative gravity decreasing with square of distance. Even if it is separate force it like positive gravity is proportional to mass, like the idea of negative gravity it is repulsive and decreases with distance.
Samuel Reich I will reply from the perspective of the Spacetime Wave theory which is outlined in this presentation.
Data Prerecording of Conference Presentation on the Unification of Physics
The Spacetime Wave theory is an attempt to resolve some of the conceptual problems of fundamental physics by taking a new approach.
The view is taken that quantum theory and QFT provide a means of calculating experimental results but they do not explain fundamental properties such as charge, mass and spin.
We need a fresh start in a form that we know in advance will lead to compatibility between gravity and electromagnetism. Then we can show that the new description of reality matches the results of QM and QFT.
In this approach, electrons, protons and neutrons are looped waves in Spacetime. These looped waves have energy and momentum which is spread out equally between all the wavelengths in the loop. The speed of the wave is c. You could take the case of the hydrogen atom and show that the electrostatic force and the centrifugal forces balance.
Preprint The Hydrogen Bond (June 2022)
Richard
Between the constituents (the quarks and gluons) of the proton and the neutron, sure-but this doesn’t have anything to do with gravity, it’s just an expression of the effects of angular momentum.
Dear Samuel Reich ,
A surprisingly good question! To unswer to it need thinking.
Regards,
Laszlo
Preston Guynn I am not an expert on QM or QFT and I am looking for an alternative by developing the Spacetime Wave Theory.
I take the view that QM and QFT must have some significant merit otherwise it would not have lasted so long as the standard model of particle physics.
It has been said to me that any theory such as my Spacetime Wave Theory will not be taken seriously by researchers unless it is consistent with QFT.
When a new theory comes along such as General Relativity, we don’t say that Newtonian gravity is wrong. Instead we say that GR provides a better explanation of gravity and to a first approximation confirms Newton’s inverse square law.
So I want to say that QFT is due for replacement by a better explanation of fundamental physics. Then we will need to show how the Spacetime Wave Theory view of fundamental physics can improve on the results of QFT.
I did not intend in my post to make claims for QFT which are way beyond my expertise on the subject.
Richard
Preston Guynn Thank you for your comprehensive reply and very good advice.
I just want to focus in one one particular issue which concerns special relativity. I have constructed an SR thought experiment which carefully avoids making any observations at a distance. Therefore the speed of light in different inertial frames does not get involved.
Preprint Special Relativity thought experiment
The thought experiment shows that the assumption of translational invariance ( the idea that the same experiment conducted here and one metre away will give the same result) shows that the postulates of SR have to be discarded.
You say that Special Relativity is foundational to all of physics but I don’t agree. General Relativity addresses the question of gravity and can stand as a theory even if SR is proved wrong.
The fundamental reason why I think the postulates of SR are wrong is because they are inconsistent with the idea of light as a wave in a medium.
Einstein’s position on this was self contradictory as you will see from the talk he gave in 1920:
Preprint Ether and the Theory of Relativity
Richard
Preston Guynn I would just like to pick up on your point about understanding the nucleon proton and neutron as a critical problem in physics.
When i started working on the hypothesis that electrons, protons and neutrons are looped waves in Spacetime I wanted to make the calculation of the number of wavelengths in the loop.
Now we know the mass of the proton and we can treat this as energy using E= mc^2.
In the Spacetime Wave theory all this energy is wave energy given by E=hf.
From the frequency we get the wavelength of the proton. Now let’s suppose the number of wavelengths is X. Then X wavelengths must be equal to 2 pi r where r is the effective radius ( the mid point of the wave ).
We know the charge radius of the proton and this gives an upper limit on the radius. It turns out that the value X must be an integer and has the value 3.
This shows that the proton is a looped wave in Spacetime of three wavelengths.
Now you see the problem. It is three wavelengths and not three quarks. So should we discard the entire standard model of particle physics just based on this one calculation?
Richard
Due quantum mechanical uncertainty produces massive amount of of tunneling at subatomic distances and that tunneling can be considered traveling at infinite speed: it is difficult to apply relativity those distances.
Even at macroscopic distances classic relativity has a big hole of omission. It only gives the transverse Doppler shift to power to change observed time.
But all Doppler shifts change all frequencies some factor K (each type has different K). Frequency by definition=1/(time period), therefore time period=1/frequency. If that is not enough to prove all Doppler shifts change observed time, the attached PDF file is a proof based on the nature of Fourier time series (not transforms) that all Doppler shifts change observed time. It also points out the axial Doppler shift has a non-linear angle factor which make observed time at relativistic velocities dependent on that angle. It gives some impacts also.
Preston Guynn There is another aspect to the theory that I would like to clarify and explain why I think it is important to treat space as a medium for wave transmission (in contradiction to SR).
When we describe gravitational waves we can think of distortions of the medium of space moving at speed c. We can also think of these distortions as local compression and expansion of space as the gravitational wave passes.
This idea of the compression and expansion of space allows us to explain all fundamental forces and the nature of electric charge.
James Clerk Maxwell was convinced that somehow the medium delivered the electromagnetic and gravitational forces. He had various models to explain the delivery of these forces but they were not realistic even though they resulted in the correct equations.
Now we can see that the mechanism for delivering these fundamental forces is the compression and expansion of space itself.
Richard
Some more impacts of the attached file in my last post. See the attched pdf files.
Excuse me Sir !
We do not have any truly objective phenomenon in the world around us to be reasonably recognized as negative gravitation . . .. .
Richard Lewis
No one has found the aeather medium in a vacuum. Since photons like all subatomic particles exhibit both wave and particle behaver, they are neither. The wave function of quantum mechanics is a measure of the probability of finding some property of particle at a point depending of what operator you apply to it. It does not depend on some medium in vacuum. Regardless how people try to make vacuums and subatomic particles be visually the things we see, they are not them.
Even if one knocks some particle out of nucelli it does not mean it was a identifiable particle inside the nucelli before the impact or stationary inside the nucelli. We can get or measure equations describing behavior and emissions how ever.
Regarding "negative gravity." From the equivalence principle gravity is equivalent to acceleration. If this always holds, gravity is acceleration OF THE UNIVERSE; gravity is not the cosmological constant in this case. Then gravity seems repulsive at scales above galactic clusters, and apparently attractive at and below this scale. This situation may be modelled by the construction of an ordinary sponge, where the expanding gas bubbles represent repulsive gravity, and the material among the bubbles regions of attractive gravity. This is discussed in several articles, for instance at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-universe-accelerating-warren-frisina/
Based on the Menorah Matrix model of the universe, which includes the toroidal/dual-toroidal dynamic pattern, there should be both centrifugal and centripetal force inside particles.
The same MM’s bidirectional toroidal spiral and ‘linear’ pathways predict the infrastructure or origin of the electric current and magnetic force predicting/explaining their indivisible and separated nature, the right- left-hand rules, and much more, and predicts a vortex/spiral explanation to the attractive and repulsive forces.
This mathematical structure provides also the archetype for the atomic structure, explaining for example why protons and neutrons are based on three quarks and why not any other number and also why in a 2+1 mirror-symmetry pattern, providing also the blueprint for the energy levels and sublevels. The electromagnetic force and the atomic structure originate from the same mathematical archetype, which explains the robustness of the system(s).
The same toroidal/dual-toroidal archetypal blueprint is the basis of the structure of galaxies, planetary systems and thus seemingly the universe itself, which allows for a simpler explanation for gravity for example or for the high speed of stars far from galaxies' axis without invoking another force such as Dark matter.
The MM provides the basis for the genetic code's 64-matrix, the DNA double helix, the two base pair system and much more. Moreover, the Earth/Moon/s blueprint in based on the MM's pattern in such a number a specificity to be way beyond any statistical possibility to be the result of fortuitous happenstances.
Presentation Menorah Matrix - The Archetype of the Structures and Phenome...
There is no force exist in the universe or mechanical force, everything is working under influence of Temperature, pressure only.
Earth's gravity is working under stress of Temp, Pressure and mass of the object, not pseudoscience of Newtonian or Einsteinian weight,
Article Why Einstein's Theory of Gravity is wrong!
Article Earth Gravity is not Newtonian
Article Gravity is an Internal Force
Javad Fardaei
Scientific name given all things that accelerate mater is force. If you new language calls it something, that something else will be translated as the word force.
Since there is absolutely NO such thing as "negative gravitation" , centrifugal force is only the apparent outward force on a mass when it is rotated. Think of a ball on the end of a string that is being twirled around, or the outward motion you feel when turning a curve in a car. In an inertial frame, there is no outward acceleration since the system is not rotating. We are left with a Pseudo Force .
Reza Sanaye
By definition force is mass x acceleration, that includes centrifugal force. That force always acts between two or more bodies. In the case of planets , the sun and a planet your string problem the holder of the string and the ball. It pull or pushes the two bodies apart with equal and opposite force. the string in your case provides contracting attractive force. A force that repels things proportional to the mass involved has two property of negative gravity.
In case things inside a nucleus if one is not still (in case of classical motion) there will be some sort of centrifugal force between it and the rest of the masses. But as subatomic distances there are great uncertainties is dimensions and as result velocities are not well defined. A mass than may tunnel between points (instant travel) because there are many points where it has a non-zero probability of existence. That cannot happen in masses of a size we see.
Samuel Reich
Masses of the sizes we see as compared with subatomic masses have the difference that their tunneling potentials become infinitesimally small when the probabilistic ratio of their "hooking" point ---with other than Gaussian-distributed data--- level off approximations and UN-intuitively turn the trend against multiscale limits of next-to-zero (standard) confounding with residues of tunneling data variance . If the variance is not in accord with the duly selected level of significance in the intended experiment or for the intended measurement , then the whole resulting marginal difference has to be made out with differential non-equality .
Earth's gravity is not Newtonian, or Einsteinian, it is working under Temperature, and Pressure, and mass of the object, not Newton's weight (9.81 g-force) and Einstein's force that he missed the mass of atmosphere.
Article Earth Gravity is not Newtonian
Article Gravity is an Internal Force
Article Why Einstein's Theory of Gravity is wrong!
Preston Guynn Hi Preston. I think the rules that you are considering apply to the rotation of objects. Here with the Spacetime Wave theory we are talking about waves in the medium of space.
The wave is travelling at speed c in the loop but the actual displacement of the medium of space is only due to the effect of the wave passing.
The number of orbits per second for the wave is just under 10^23 which is around one third of the characteristic frequency of the proton.
In answer to your question about whether I have used the Spacetime Wave theory for other cases I provide this link to an analysis of the hydrogen molecule
Preprint The Hydrogen Bond (June 2022)
Richard
The notion of the centrifugal effect within the proton is developed in "Particles from gravity" at Preprint Particles from Gravity (Jul 24, 2021)
, although negative mass is not involved here.
Subatomic particles and their parts whatever they are, have mass (including inertia, wave properties and particle properties. Therefore they exhibit centrifugal effects. Due to uncertainty principal radii and centers only have probabilities, averages and variances. Also they can quantum mechanical tunnel across barriers they do not have the energy to do because they may a non-zero probability of existing on either side at the same time (non-zero wave functions).
Knocking some mass out a subatomic particle by high energy collisions does NOT mean that mass had any independent identity before inside the subatomic particle. Therefore finding values of internal forces will be guesses based on averages, of qualitative interest only.
Preston Guynn
I was by that statement just pointing out there is rotational velocity of some sort which include some mass hence gravity. Electric and magnetic charges move masses therefore they transmit between the moved particles. They therefore have some mass. A rotating mass generates centrifugal force. There is also a wide spread opinion for subatomic particles the appearance or rotation is just appearance of something else not real motion.
An energized matter's drawing force importance is on account of turning speed concerning the charges bearing the magnetic field of the currents thereof . At a turn speed of √3/4 c, the Lorentz determinant becomes integer , and the size of bent first in order is accordingly proportional to the direct speed's plane. Magnetic importance of an energized matter is calculated by bearing an energized matter accompanying few moving power spinned around in a magnetic field of crisscross currents, and the power will curve its own Manifold just before it scatters a photon accompanying the "atom smasher" frequency reversal . The complete process shows the power's turn variable about taking a few MeV out a basic constituent of matter by extreme strength collisions , which --per se -- spells that mass has had some free correspondence over the spinning plane/Manifold with tangencies before the basic constituent energizing of that very same matter. The rotations to individual planes are due, repeatedly but differentially , to moment of distention and time shortening guide the Lorentz determinant of an integer numerical value at a turn speed of √3/4 c. Since precedence is in the opposite route of turn, first- and second-order spin therein are equal in size and ALMOST in velocity.
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