I am trying to know the oxidation state of metal ion. But XPS is not available to me. Is therre any technique other than XPS to know the oxidation state?
Hi Raeesh,
you may used NEXAFS (XANES) spectroscopy. From the energy of the absorption edges and the contour close to the edge you are able to derive the oxidation state.
Please see for example the link.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_absorption_near_edge_structure
You may also go for Ion Chromatography and the ST series of electromechanical testing machines from Tinius Olsen (300ST).
Much depends on the kind of ion you are looking for, on the concentration and on the matrix (environment). Sometimes even UV-Vis spectra may help, or ESR, or chemical analysis (composition).
The fine structure of an EELS absorption edge will tell you something about the oxidation state. ELNES in a transmission electron microscope is a method to do so. For this you need at least a SFEG (better a monochromator ) electron source and an EELS spectrometer on the tool. Have a look into the following paper for example :
Ultramicroscopy 96 (2003) 469–480
Electron energy-loss near-edge structures of 3d transition metal oxides recorded at high-energy resolution
The question should be reversed: what kind of instrumental technques ARE available for you? I'm afraid that if XPS is NOT, more sophisticated technques are even less probable.
You can try electrochemical techniques, titrimetric techniques or gravimetric techniques depending on the species you are looking at.
Hi,
Potentiometric or conductometric titration or measuring ion transport number might work here.
FT IR and FT Raman are very simple techniques, peaks positions for metal ions with various oxidation states are in tables/papers.
You can use a X-ray method to define the oxidation state of metal ion.
Good luck. V.Kozlov.
You can use cyclic voltammetry in order to find out the oxidation state of metal ion
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