Cadmium is determined in environmental samples by AAS, ICP-MS,ICP-AES and by spectrophotometric method. Often, the choice of the method depends on the expected concentration in the sample. Generaly, ICP-MS and GF-AAS works in the ppb range, where as F-AAS and spectrophotometric methods works in ppm levels. Since you asked a simple method I would suggest you to try the spectrophotometric method using dithizone as a colouring agent. You must be very careful about the procedure as many metal ions would form complex with this reagent. Consult the American public health association (APHA) book on "Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. Best Wishes.
Dithizone method. HACH sells this as a kit but you can look up the non-HACH-kit direct chemical method in a copy of "Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater". Don't remember the detection limit but it will definitely be higher than AA but not sure whether it's higher than ICP. Good luck!
I think in then days of technology one should go for advanced instruments. I am aware that one cannot afford the cost of the analysis but a collaborations with the lab where the instrument is available can be of help. go for it. Time will be saved and accuracy will be trusted. Baride
For Cd , volumetric method is just quantitative but when need to quantify as desired, it is necessary to go for quantitative analysis and for this AAS or ICP MS are the best tool.