You can follow these papers that suggest some clues, challenges, and concrete psychological threats:

• AHORSU, Daniel Kwasi; LIN, Chung-Ying; IMANI, Vida; SAFFARI, Mohsen; GRIFFITHS, Mark D. & PAKPOUR, Amir H. "The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation", in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, March 2020.
• ALI, Inayat. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear", in: Medical Anthropology, March 2020.
• MANDERSON, Lenore & LEVINE, Susan. "COVID-19, Risk, Fear, and Fall-out", in: Medical Anthropology, March 2020.
• AHMED, Muhammad Adeel; JOUHAR, Rizwan; AHMED, Nasser et alia. "Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak", in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, April 2020.
• LEO, Diego de & TRABUCCHI, Marco. "COVID-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens", in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 2020.

You can follow these papers that suggest some clues, challenges, and concrete psychological threats:

• AHORSU, Daniel Kwasi; LIN, Chung-Ying; IMANI, Vida; SAFFARI, Mohsen; GRIFFITHS, Mark D. & PAKPOUR, Amir H. "The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation", in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, March 2020.
• ALI, Inayat. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear", in: Medical Anthropology, March 2020.
• MANDERSON, Lenore & LEVINE, Susan. "COVID-19, Risk, Fear, and Fall-out", in: Medical Anthropology, March 2020.
• AHMED, Muhammad Adeel; JOUHAR, Rizwan; AHMED, Nasser et alia. "Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak", in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, April 2020.
• LEO, Diego de & TRABUCCHI, Marco. "COVID-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens", in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 2020.

Try cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It works really well and helps change the way they respond as it changes the way they think from anxious to a more relaxed mind.

You could also try the change model. It has proved to be effective and useful.

Psychoeducation and raising awareness are key.

Dear Sousa,

Thank you for sending me some article on fear of COVID-19.

It was a good opportunity to find out what kind of people have a strong fear of COVID-19.

Daichi

Dear Michael Uebel

Thank you for sending me the article on coronavirus pandemic and mental health.

The paper on Japanese people was particularly informative!

Dear Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak

Thank you for your reply.

I certainly think that cognitive behavioral therapy may be effective in relieving the fear of the coronavirus and anxiety about the future.

I was wondering what kind of cognitive behavioral therapy work I should use.

Indeed, I thought it might be useful to modify the traditional cognitive behavioral therapy work, as you mentioned, and to provide psychological education about the fear of the coronavirus.

Since this is such a global crisis, I'm thinking that it would be good to have protocols and work(treatment) that people all over the world can use.

Daichi Sugawara you are raising an important topic. One method to decrease anxiety (fear against unknown unknown, undefined danger/mood) or fear (in the face of defined danger) is to put words and concepts on the "unknown", to have boxes and containers where it can be analysed.

To do this, I can offer two of my recent articles, which I may have produced for exactly this unconscious motivation, although the result is rather rational and scientific (put words and models on danger, to kep it under control, and push from anxiety to fear, and from fear to reasonable risk approach):

1. Living in lockdown

Here is an article which describes analytically how life organises in lockdown. As a consequence, this is not drama, this is life continuing, adapting, as in any biological and natural, or social environment. We show how:

Microeconomics of Inter-temporal Choice in Zero- Space: -learning from Covid 19 households in lockdown

August 2020

DOI:

10.13140/RG.2.2.22210.61129

Projects:

microeconomics for big data

Covid19 transmission

Agent Based Models and Economics

Author:Renaud Di Francesco

Preprint Microeconomics of Inter-temporal Choice in Zero- Space: -lea...

2. Concrete contexts of life and specific propagation risk of Convid19

The anxiety of Covid19 is linked to the undefined thought that "it might get you", that you can "catch the virus". In the article below, one can see, visualise, very concrete cases happing in daily life of how contagion can playout. By seeing and naming the danger, one decreases the darkness and casts light on, it becomes a rational risk on which one has some if not all controls, in the same way a driver can accelerate of brake, and make a difference when facing the possibility of an accident.

Agent Based Model for Covid 19 Transmission: -field approach based on context of interaction

July 2020

DOI:

10.13140/RG.2.2.24583.83364

Projects:

Covid19 transmission

Agent Based Models and Economics

Author: Renaud Di Francesco

Preprint Agent Based Model for Covid 19 Transmission: -field approach...

YOUR FEEDBACK

Please let me know if you can use the references above for a constructive approach to the reduction of the anxiety by rationalising the risk.

Paul A. Boelen, Maarten C. Eisma, Geert E. Smid, Jos de Keijser & Lonneke I. M. Lenferink (2020) Remotely Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Disturbed

Grief During the COVID-19 Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities, Journal of Loss and Trauma, DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1793547

Murphy, R., Calugi, S., Cooper, Z., & Dalle Grave, R. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) in light of COVID-19. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13, E14. doi:10.1017/S1754470X20000161

https://www.cochrane.org/CD001027/DEPRESSN_cognitive-behaviour-therapy-chronic-fatigue-syndrome

Andersson, E. (2020, September 9). Brief online-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for dysfunctional worry related to the covid-19 pandemic: A randomised trial. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EXH47

Dear Dr. Sugawara!

You raised a major lesson: panic and fear might result in higher death compared to the death rates as a consequence of actual infections. I found some resources:

1) Luana Marques (2020). These methods from psychiatry can help you beat stress during the coronavirus pandemic - Clinical psychologist Luana Marques shares skills and advice to help scientists build resilience and mental and physical health. 02 June 2020, Nature Open Access, Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01657-2

2) Halley Sutton (2020). Manage COVID‐19 stress, anxiety by reframing your outlook, College Athletics and the Law, Volume 17, Issue 5, August 2020, Open Access, Available at:

Article Manage COVID‐19 stress, anxiety by reframing your outlook

3) A case - study: Gaëtan Mertens et al. (2020).Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Volume 74, August 2020, Open Access, Available at:

Article Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online ...

4) William C. Sanderson et al (2020). The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic‑Related Psychological Distress, Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 2020 Jun 27 : 1–13. Open Access Available at:

Article The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Have a look at this useful RG link.

Article Psychological intervention on COVID-19: A protocol for syste...

You can work or finish your work Electronically.... it's the only way by which you aren't being in contact with others 🌹

FOLLOW

Dear Renaud Di Francesco

Thank you for sharing your article.

I may not have fully understood your article, but I also think "unknown" is certainly the root of this coronavirus fear.

In that sense, I felt it was important to convey the correct knowledge about coronaviruses.

I was interested in the effects of psychological interventions, but I believe that the economic impact on mental health must be fully considered.

Also, there have been recent reports of an increase in domestic violence in Japan.

We have to be adaptive, even if we have to be in lockdown and stay home all the time.

Dear @Daichi Sugawara

Have a look on the links given below please:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249909/

http://www.emro.who.int/mnh/publications/mental-health-support-during-covid-19.html

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30073-0/fulltext

Thanks!

Dear Bulcsu Szekely

Thank you for sharing some of articles with me!

4) The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress

It was helpful because it summarized what kind of negative symptoms and emotions arise in the spread of coronavirus infection and which CBT techniques are effective in dealing with them.

I think that negative symptoms and emotions caused by coronaviruses vary greatly from person to person.

In recent years, Process Based Therapy has been proposed, and I thought it might be useful to combine CBT techniques with the individual symptoms and emotions of each person.

The role of the individual in the coming era of process-based therapy October 2018 Behaviour Research and Therapy 117 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.10.005

The Dynamics of Fear at the Time of COVID-19: A Contextual Be-havioral Science Perspective January 2020 Clinical Neuropsychiatry 17(2):65-71 DOI: 10.36131/CN20200206

Dear Arvind Singh

Thank you for sharing this article!

I see that the systematic review about psychological treatment for COVID-19 is already published.

It is very helpful.

Dear Diana A. Ali

Thank you for your warm advice!

Most of my work can be done electronically.

However, sometimes I need to be directly involved in the care of others.

This COVID pandemic has helped me to understand that we need to provide direct care and that we can use electronic media to care for people.

Dear Alaa Shahid Jassim Al-Bdery

Thank you following.

I followed you.

Awareness to change the attitude and habits among the community to prevent the Covid-19

Dear Arbind K. Choudhary

Thank you for sending me the article on the protocol of

psychological intervention on COVID-19.

I would like to search for systematic reviews on PROSPERO as well.

Dear Gopal Shukla

Thank you for sending me your opinion!

Certainly this coronavirus outbreak has caused us to rethink our habits, and we have changed our attitudes and habits to survive.

We have changed our attitudes and habits to survive.

I think that is "the great power of human".

However, not everyone is flexible, and some people cannot cope with changes in their attitudes and habits only.

In fact, the number of suicides in Japan has been increasing in recent months.

I believe that we need to prevent not only COVID-19 infection, but also secondary disasters.

Face the problem

Dear Daichi Sugawara, please have a look at the following link.Preprint Psychological intervention and COVID-19: What we know so far...

Dear Arbind K. Choudhary

I noticed that WHO has already put out a collection of work and tools.

Japanese government may translate them.

I will try to find them.

Dear Salwa Yammine

Yes, we have a lot of problems to deal with.

And a lot of people are trying to get through these difficulties.

I worry that they're going to run out of steam.

Dear Harasit Kumar Paul

Thank you for sharing your article.

I know that this COVID pandemic has caused a lot of stress for healthcare workers.

In Japan, nurses and patients' families used to take care of patients' deaths.

However, because of the COVID pandemic, the nurses feel their own disappointment because they were not able to take care of the last of the patients.

I think I should take care of my health care workers, but I haven't gotten around to it.

the fear of Covid-19 is everywhere in the world but the press and the media have helped to clarify this disease by the measures to be taken and the explanations of the symptoms. the message was the same but the assimilation of people is different according to each profile. to help minimize fear start by studying the profiles of each sector: children, students, employees, seniors etc ... be frank and explain all that relates to this disease, especially the drugs that can help and not give illusions about a vaccine that is not yet ready and many times repeat the measures to be taken by signaling that the contamination is not total and however is not fatal.

Dear Salwa Yammine

Thank you for your advice!

I think it was important to give Japanese people the right information tailored to them as an individual and to talk to them so that they don't have too many illusions about the vaccines of COVID-19.

About vaccines of COVID-19, I worry that the supply of vaccines will vary greatly from country to country, that there will be inequality, or that only one country will benefit, and the world situation will change dramatically.

fear can reduce but the most important thing is avoid all the ways which can contact the virus.

Dear shahin mardani

That's certainly true.

We face the problem, and we have to cope it.

Dear Nadeesha Sewwandi Abegunasekara

Certainly, it's important that we don't infect ourselves with COVID-19.

But it is also difficult to stay home all the time without getting infected.

It would be nice if there were some way to adapt our lives to those situations.

agree Daichi Sugawara .

Kindly check https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf

The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In a paper, researchers provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. They identified three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis they suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. They also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250659/

A range of mental health services and supports are needed to meet the unique needs of specific groups with different vulnerabilities and risks. Health professionals and other people exposed to COVID-19, including children, are high-needs, high-risk groups. Resources are also needed to support the mental health needs of the general public. This review found that non-psychiatric mental health supports can be effective in addressing mental health concerns during medical pandemics. Providing opportunities to create social networks and establishing protocols for ensuring safety enhance well-being among health professionals and the general public. Particular attention needs to be paid to cultural considerations when designing and implementing mental health interventions and training. Training non-specialists when mental health professionals are scarce builds capacity and empowers communities to deliver mental health interventions. However, training non-specialists requires time. Without adequate investment, trainees will not be able to provide the emotional and practical support that people need during a pandemic. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442905/

Another area to explore is digital/social media interventions for mental health support. The public health and health care measures used to address COVID-19 (e.g., physical distancing, isolation/quarantine), combined with the high levels of uncertainty and concern, create special stresses, especially on traditional and resource-intensive ways of providing care and support. Interventions that are synchronous (occur in real time) and asynchronous (occur online without real-time interaction) using digital and social media are an increasingly relevant focus for research. Developing and evaluating social media and digital health interventions are ways to extend and support existing interventions, as well as to involve patients and the general public more actively in their own care. The effectiveness of such interventions (both independently and in coordination with other programs), and the feasibility of developing and implementing them are rapidly growing concerns for future research. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442905/

Dear Chinaza Godswill Awuchi

Thank you for sending me some article.

Sophie Soklaridis et al.(2020) has been especially helpful for me to think about future interventions.

I now understand that not only Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, but also psychological first aid and social support are important to restore people's mental health.

This has allowed me to think about more effective interventions.

Kindly check this article below

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442905/

Kindly check this link

https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/sustainability/sustainability-12-05039/article_deploy/sustainability-12-05039-v2.pdf

Kindly check this link below

https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/510264

it is extremely necessary to implement public mental health policies in conjunction with epidemic and pandemic response strategies before, during and after the event.13 Mental health professionals, such as psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers, must be on the front line and play a leading role in emergency planning and management teams.1 Assistance protocols, such as those used in disaster situations, should cover areas relevant to the individual and collective mental health of the population. Recently, the WHO25 and the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention26 published a series of psychosocial and mental health recommendations, several of which are included in Box 1. This is in line with longitudinal data from the WHO demonstrating that psychological factors are directly related to the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world.25 Thus, increased investment in research and strategic actions for mental health in parallel with infectious outbreaks is urgently needed worldwide.1

Kindly check this link below

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462020000300232

Fear of this pandemic can be reduced by taking the health precautions necessary and trust in the doctors that are risking their lives for us in order to find a valid vaccine

Fear can be reduced by facing the problems of this pandemic and knowing that the whole world is affected not only us

Fear should be reduced because if not it could decrease ur immunity thereby increasing the risk of COVID infection

There is no doubt that the psychological state has a great role in the prevention and recovery of Covid-19.

For now, I think no... We are totally alone, managing our emotions in face of the virus and fear...

I have four resources to share to help answer the question:

1. Making people aware of how fear gets amplified into collective hysteria via availability cascades - the concept is clarified here:

https://www.joshuakennon.com/what-price-should-we-pay-to-fight-covid-19/

2. Making people aware of William James' concept of worlds and how it can be applied to the present day to shake people out of their imprisonment into the Covidworld - the concept is elaborated here:

https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/november-2020/welcome-to-covidworld/

3. This Dutch psychologist has just published a paper where she also tackles the issue of therapeutic interventions for mental health during the pandemic:

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577740/full

4. A small subset of those afflicted by fear might actually be responsive to updated academic references which show the global IFR and its stratification by risk factors, but in my experience pushing peer-reviewed sources is ineffective for the many people who are too far gone into their "Covidworld", a symptom of which seems to be having lost all sense of proportion and perspective (i.e. inability to contextualize risk of the virus against all other risks we face every day in the course of normal social life). For those who are amenable to updated numbers, a recent overview: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eci.13423

Dear Faraed Salman

Thank you for sending me many article on coronavirus fear and mental health.

It was very helpful as there were some articles I hadn't read before.

I very much agree with you.

My background is in psychology or clinical psychology, but we should be warriors against this fear, not caged birds in the fear of the coronavirus.

Dear Isam Alkhalifawi

Thank you for your comment.

It seems to me that the fear of coronaviruses causes the mind to become so tired that it gives up on actions to prevent infection.

It's a kind of learned helplessness.

In this sense, maintaining a good psychological state may lead to the prevention of infection.

Dear Silvia Marcu

Yes, that's true.

We have been forced to distance ourselves from people, and at times we have become less connected to them.

People all over the world are experiencing similar stresses.

In that sense, I believe that the common humanity of self-compassion can help us maintain and restore our mental health.

Neff, Kristin. (2003). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self and Identity. 2. 223-250. 10.1080/15298860309027.

Dear Dragos Simandan

Thank you for sharing the four pieces of information (website and paper) with us.

In particular, I think the theoretical model proposed by Schippers will be useful for future psychological and social support and treatment.

COVID-19 phobia is a bigger menace than COVID-19!

CfOVID-19 fear can only be reduced by being brave and to face the COVID-19 with all the preventive measures (Social distancing, masking, hand hygiene, and testing, quarantine or isolation as indicated).

Dear Muhammad Yousuf

Exactly!

I think bravery and never stopping challenging are very important to me as well.

We must take care of ourselves to prevent infection.

We should consider ourselves Covid positive and act accordingly.

Dear Shabana Urooj

Right!

I think the trouble with this virus is that even if we don't have symptoms, we may be infected.

Like all illnesses, there are acute and chronic. until you have this vaccine in hand, you must think about all possible precautions to avoid this disease. otherwise the idea of getting sick haunts you and follows you to such a point that it becomes real

Dear Salwa Yammine

Thank you for your comment.

While we have become accustomed to coronaviruses, we must work to prevent infection.

The idea that good nutrition can defeat a virus should be promoted. A healthy immune system can do better when the virus attacks you. Fast food may be convenient but it does not help the body fight a virus. Some doctors in my area are stressing the importance of zinc supplements right now. But if you were eating a good diet, you would not need any supplements!

Dear Michael Issigonis

The perspective of nutrition was new to me!

I felt that it is important to get enough nutrition to avoid coronavirus infection and to reduce anxiety.

Everything you say is true to prevent and fight Covid-19.

dear friends if you panic or not this disease is going to die out like others but the important thing is what remains after. wear the masks, keep the distances between you, eat a well balanced diet and continue your daily life as usual. it is a great pleasure to see you healthy again.

You may find the following research useful:

Basic Psychological Need-Satisfying Activities During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Article Basic Psychological Need-Satisfying Activities During the CO...