Chlorophyll a absorbs energy from wavelengths of blue-violet and orange-red light at 675 nm. It reflects green light which gives chlorophyll its green appearance. While , chlorophyll b absorbs energy from wavelengths of green light at 640 nm. It is the accessory pigment that collects energy and passes it on to chlorophyll a. It also regulates the size of antenna and is more absorbable than chlorophyll a . Chlorophyll b complements chlorophyll a. Its addition to chlorophyll a increases the absorption spectrum by increasing the range of wavelengths and broadening the spectrum of light that is absorbed. When there is little light available, plants produce more chlorophyll b than chlorophyll a to increase its photosynthetic ability. This is necessary because chlorophyll a molecules capture a limited wavelength so accessory pigments like chlorophyll b are needed to aid in the capture of a wider range of light. Therefore , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are inter-related and positively related as well.
Chlorophyll is named a “shade pigment”, since its amount increases with decreasing illumination, and its content is usually higher in shade-adapted plants than in sunny leaves. Chl b is localized mainly in the light-harvesting complex of the photosystem II [LHC-II]. X-ray analysis showed that the monomer of LHC-II contains 8 mole of chl a and 6 moles of chl b. Thus, the ratio of a/b chls in LHCII is 1.33; in the shade forest herbs - 2.1-2.3, and in alpine herbs, which grow in open places, it is around 5.