The Vancouver-protocol has been a standard for the conditions to be included as an author. However, this was not defined for the technical disciplines.
Now IEEE has defined their own version of the protocol.
IEEE considers individuals who meet all of the following criteria to be authors:
Contributors who do not meet all of the above criteria may be included in the Acknowledgment section of the article. Omitting an author who contributed to your article or including a person who did not fulfill all of the above requirements is considered a breach of publishing ethics.
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To which extent is this followed by the academia?
Are there any indication that due to the focus on number and impact of publications, artificial co-authorship is used to boost publications?