In many research I found that the method for rise low temperature fluid often excited by high voltage electrical field or magnetic field which used more energy.
Low Temperature Performance of High Power Density DC/DC Converter Modules
Malik E. Elbuluk, Scott Gerber, Ahmad Hammoud, Richard L. Patterson and Eric Overton
NASA/TM—2001-210973
IECEC2001–AT–16
National Aeronautics andSpace Administration, 2001
"Abstract
In this paper, two second-generation high power density DC/DC converter modules have been evaluated at low operating temperatures. The power rating of one converter (Module 1) was specified at 150 W with an input voltage range of 36 to 75 V and output voltage of 12 V. The other converter (Module 2) was specified at 100 W with the same input voltage range and an output voltage of 3.3 V. The converter modules were evaluated in terms of their performance as a function of operating temperature in the range of 25 to -140 C. The experimental procedures along with the experimental data obtained are presented and discussed in this paper.
CONCLUSIONS
Two commercially available DC/DCconverters were characterized in terms of theirperformance as a function of temperature in therange of 25 °C to -140 °C. The converters wereevaluated with respect to their output voltageregulation, efficiency, output voltage ripple, inputcurrent ripple and output current ripple inresponse to environmental temperature. The twoconverters generally displayed somehow similarbehavior with change in temperature. Theintensity of any occurring changes, however,varied with the converter type and the testtemperature. This work represents only apreliminary investigation into the steady-stateeffects of low temperature on these two second-generation high power density DC/DC convertermodules. To fully characterize their performanceat low temperature, further testing and analysis isrequired."