Hadi - can you elaborate? What is the monetary scale that you refer to in rekation to a thesis?

I mean comparing what the students achieve in passing thesis with the direct and indirect costs during the course thesis.

Thank you for your question. It depends a lot on what would you do after getting your degree. We cannot assume that all graduate will end getting the same outcomes, positions, or financial status from a particular thesis-based degree.

I think one (and only, as I know) possible way to translate subjective valuations (such as student's perceived benefits and costs of a specific dissertation) into amounts of money is to imply the "Willingness-To-Pay" or "Willingness-To-Accept" method.

Thank you Navid, That's a good idea! Would you please, give a presumptive example؟

perceived benefits of achieving some goods, services or being in a specific state can be elicited by the willingness-to-pay (WTP) method. this method is based upon classic economic theory i.e. people buy something which they think is worthier than the paid price. in the aforementioned case, we can design a hypothetical scenario for the students and then they state the maximum amount of money which they are willing to sacrifice to obtain it. for example, following scenario can be presented to a first-year PhD student: (imagine that you have passed your desired thesis and now you can graduate. how much money are you willing to pay to be in this situation.) in WTP studies, it should be precisely clear for the respondent that what is he/she buying thus, the scenario should be completely explicit even in details. also, in WTP studies there are several methods to unearth the maximum amount of money such as open-ended question, bidding method, payment card. however, the WTP method is susceptible to various biases which makes a well-designed study necessary.