Data of the diseased Patient can be collected from WHO and their test cases so that information can be given to Artificial Intelligence. AI will use Combination and Permutation as the result life span of patients can be improved.
AI would help overcome the limitations of human intelligence and in that way it can help find new methods of prevention, treatment and extension of life of patients with currently incurable diseases.
Currently it is being used in detection of diseases using image processing, diagnosis of data etc. With my limited knowledge I can say that one of the challenges that has to some extent been taken care of has been that of classification of cancerous cells vs healthy cells. You can search medical literature to read more or consult an expert in that field to get a better idea. However we are still not there yet, but it has improved the speed of detection by using ANN:
I am not sure of the specific applications. However, it can be used to 'learn' from past data to find patterns that can help scientists possibly find a cure for incurable disease like AIDS, cancer,etc.
As early as 1991, there has been research on use of ANN to classify heart attack successfully. Article Use of an Artificial Neural Network for the Diagnosis of Myo...
I could find a few papers on HIV. Not sure how far they have been successful beyond the testing of disease into the direction of cure.
Article Artificial neural network model for predicting HIV protease ...
Article Comparison of Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural N...