I split the laser light into two parts by using a wedge prism, but the two spots are not in a single line. How can I make it in a single line? Is it possible to increase the separation between the two laser spots?
Sorry can you clarify what you mean by using a wedge prism to split the beam?
In general a wedge prism is used to divert a beam by a small amount, depending on the wedge. As seen in the thorlabs diagrams: https://www.thorlabs.com/NewGroupPage9.cfm?ObjectGroup_ID=147)
However if you have split a laser and are looking to increase the seperation or steer them as you wish, the easiest method i think will be to use small mirrors to steer the beams where you need them.
Can you use a birefringent material such as calcite to obtain two spots, an ordinary ray and an extraordinary ray?
Shilpa S. Prisms split light because different colours of light get refracted by different amounts. So if you shine something that's a combination of colours (e.g. white light), it spreads out into a full spectrum of colours - a rainbow. But for a laser, all the light must be the same colour. So the laser light gets bent, but it doesn't form a rainbow - it just all stays the same colour.
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