After maturation and differentiation (into memory or plasma cells) in the germinal centers inside secondary lymphatic organs, Do B-cells expand and proliferate outside or inside the germinal centers? Do they infiltrate back to the GCs after proliferation?
Both GC-dependent and GC-independent memory B cells are able to proliferate...so I would say both. I don't know of plasma cells being able to differentiate return to the GC for proliferations, though... Figure 1 in the attached may be helpful.
Article Generation of memory B cells inside and outside germinal centers
GC B cells gets selected by T follicular helper cells based on their preimmune BCR affinity to antigen, their fate is also determined by their initial BCR affinity, however, it's not clear whether B cells can exit GC during selection. Selected B cells can enter memory B cell, plasma cell fate, or reenter dark zone to further proliferate and somatically mutate their BCR gene for higher affinity. We do know that early plasmablasts that are short-lived and proliferating can stay in the medullary cord of the spleen till they migrate to bone marrow to become long-lived plasma cells, but I don't know if they can move to extrafollicular region because marginal B cells do proliferate and differentiate in the extrafollicular regions in the secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen.
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