Landscape patterns in agro-pastoral ecotones are influenced by natural factors and human activities. However, the main factors that influence landscape metrics of agro-pastoral ecotones have not been fully elucidated. To further understand conditions influencing landscape formation, we conducted a series analysis to explore the relationship between ecological factors (annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, NDVI, altitude, aspect, slope, curvature, land use, and human disturbance) and landscape metrics pattern in the range of 100–5000 m spatial extent, within an agro-pastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia, China. Using principal component analysis and the detrended canonical correspondence analysis from 43 landscape metrics, we successfully identified several key factors that determine the landscape metrics values.