Recent research has enabled EEG readings with a sensor 4mm away from the skin:
https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?uri=boe-3-5-981
In 2013, an extremely sensitive atomic magnetometer was designed that does not require stringent shielding from the Earth's own field:
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2013/apr/24/atomic-magnetometer-is-most-sensitive-yet
I have discovered super sensitive sensors that can be flown in airplanes and can detect submarines, their screws turning and inside machinery:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTThA_PmF1k
One would think that this would support the possibility of extracting EEG using this technology.
If one could remotely extract biological signals using non-invasive technologies that allow for a full range of mobility and free-ranging activities in an un-shielded open environment, then there are a tremendous number of opportunities that would become available in the rescue, policing, medical, commercial, and military arenas, such as; neuroprosthetics, exoskeletons, sleep/hibernation systems, pain reduction systems, threat detection systems, interrogation devices, dictation devices, secure/silent speech, games/simulations, advanced security devices, monitoring EKG/EEG readings of those in critical care units, increasing mobility of those suffering from limiting or confining ailments or seizures, etc.
Non-contact capacitance based electrodes have been around for a while. I think there are other techniques as well. In any case, they are already being built into commercial applications, e.g. http://www.mouser.com/catalog/specsheets/Plessey_PS25502%20PAD.pdf
Capacitance electrodes don't work at > 10 cm, for EEG normally they are kept at within 1mm distance.
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