Dear researchers
The equivalent frame method can be used for macro modeling of masonry structures in order to seismic evaluation and retrofit according to ASCE 41 provisions. But, this method is not applicable in SAP2000 and faces many problems in modeling and analysis results because the mentioned software is not really for modeling masonry structures.
Now, I want to know about 3Muri software for modeling and analysis of masonry structures and whether there are the mentioned problems in this software?
Hello Majid Tavakolinia ,
It depends on the kind of masonry structrure you want to model. For example, you cannot model a masonry infilled structure using Tremuri. I would suggest you to read two articles:
1. TREMURI program: An equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings
2. Uses and limits of the Equivalent Frame Model on existing unreinforced masonry buildings for assessing their seismic risk: A review
With this, you will be able to know the advantages and limits of the model. I haven't used the software but know that there are two versions: Tremuri for research and 3muri the commercial version.
Let me know if you want to talk more about the equivalent frame model itself.
Hello Imrose B. Muhit ,
Abaqus and Diana are used as well for the equivalent frame method? I know they are used for micromodels in masonry but I do not remember any article about macromodels using these software. Do you have any?
Dears Damien Decret and Al Mouayed Bellah Nafeh
Thanks for your helpful comments.
Dear Imrose B. Muhit
Abaqus is not used for macro modeling because of Time-consuming analyses, specially for a full scale structure which are to be retrofitted. Abaqus is used for researches in order to investigate micro models.
Hello Majid Tavakolinia ,
I think you misuse the term macromodel, or it is like that that I understood it in your message. A macromodel is not called this way because you model a structure. It is the size of the element that you use for the model that matters. So, yes, Abaqus is used for micromodels but nothing prevents you to create your own macromodel with its own constitutive law on it. Technically, you can add the equivalent frame model. And it won't be more time consuming in the end.
Hello everybody,
A 2D macro-model, alternative to the equivalent frame model, is represented by the Discrete Macro-Element Model (DMEM), implemented in the software 3DMacro (www.grupposismica.it). This model can be efficacy used to simulate both URM and mixed masonry-reinforced concrete structures, such as confined masonry or infilled frames. I attach below some references. In [5], an attempt to develop the DMEM model in SAP2000, for the simulation of infill frames, is reported.
Best Regards,
Bartolomeo
1- Caliò, I., Marletta, M., & Pantò, B. (2012). A new discrete element model for the evaluation of the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings. Engineering Structures, 40, 327-338.
2- Caliò, I., & Pantò, B. (2014). A macro-element modelling approach of Infilled Frame Structures. Computers & Structures, 143, 91-107.
3- Pantò, B., Cannizzaro, F., Caliò, I., & Lourenço, P. B. (2017). Numerical and experimental validation of a 3D macro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of unreinforced masonry walls. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 11(7), 946-964.
4- Pantò, B., Caliò, I., & Lourenço, P. B. (2018). A 3D discrete macro-element for modelling the out-of-plane behaviour of infilled frame structures. Engineering Structures, 175, 371-385.
5- Kareem, K. M., & Pantò, B. (2019). Simplified macro-modelling strategies for the seismic assessment of non-ductile infilled frames: a critical appraisal. Journal of Building Engineering, 22, 397-414.
Hi Majid,
3 Muri is a good and easy software. It employs Equivalent Frame Method which you can also apply and make a model in SAP 2000. However, it takes a lot of effort, but obviously, it will help to understand a lot.
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