In XRD data analysis, what is the interpretation of having multiple peaks appearing for one material?
I am working in thin film field and working with polymeric materials for organic solar cell.
I have used PC70BM (pristine) as the sample, I am observing 3-peaks from XRD result. The values are at different 2-thita, from the literature these peaks are assigned to these planes: d100, d200, d220.
Can someone please help me to visualize these planes? Also what does this information mean having multiple peaks appearing at different planes?
The File I attached is from a paper which has shown how these peaks are assigned.
Thank you
Please post your XRD data with all the juicy details about sample, sample prep (processing history) and XRD optics used for the best feed-back from the RG membership!
What is the ordinate axis? Dimensions? Angle 2Theta? Lambda/2Sin(Theta)? For data, please use Excel format if possible :-)
And "the juicy details about sample, sample prep (processing history) and XRD optics" utilized?
This looks like the basics of XRD and I would suggest going to any textbook of XRD and crystallography. The wikipedia can explain fundamentals too (for example, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s_law).
Every crystal can be described as a set various parallel planes with specific spacing between them. The peak position corresponds to a specific spacing between parallel crystallographic planes. And this is the only direct result of the XRD measurement. Scanning through a range of angles will typically produce several peaks as the diffraction condition requires the match between the incident angle and lattice spacing (Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction [2d sin theta= n lambda]. Knowing exact crystal structure with all its lattice constants allows to assign plane labels and the data can be interpreted with regard to orientation of the crystal.
The XRD spectrum cannot be interpreted reliably if little is known about the sample (hence Ravi is asking the questions before giving you any answers).
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