We live in a complex and changing world and constantly dealing with our complex an environment (for example, we deal with our businesses, organizations, families, children, pets, etc., which are also complex systems.).This means we have to affront with unexpected events every day. In order to be able to do this, our organism must be robust (to function despite certain disorders).
Robustness allows us to deal with unexpected events, long enough, by adapting to them. Also, in order to be able to respond quickly and appropriately way to unexpected changes, we must try to anticipate them through certain expectations that we derive from our experience. There are three ways to do this: by predicting, by determining, or by expecting the most likely behavior of a complex system. In which of these three cases will we be the most ready to expect the unexpected and why?