In what ways do millets serve as a major source of livelihood and food security for smallholder and tribal communities in the Indian Himalayas, especially in the context of climate vulnerability and remoteness?
Beyond the Himalayan Indians' good knowledge of the area, the question can be divided into two parts, so the answer will be given accordingly.
1- Millet as a major source of income can be assessed using the following indicators:
the percentage of people in the Indian Himalayas who live solely from one, several, or all components of the millet value chain (production, distribution, transport, processing (industrial, semi-industrial, or artisanal), packaging and preservation, storage).
The percentage of people living in the Indian Himalayas who live mainly from one, several, or all components of the millet value chain (production, distribution, transport, processing (industrial, semi-industrial, or artisanal), packaging and preservation, storage).
The needs that millet-related activities enable households to fully satisfy: food, housing, lighting, clothing, transportation, electricity, water, health, education, sanitation, savings, investment
Needs that millet-related activities enable households to partially satisfy: food, housing, lighting, clothing, transportation, electricity, water, health, education, sanitation, savings, investment
Needs that millet-related activities do not allow households to partially meet: food, housing, lighting, clothing, transportation, electricity, water, health, education, sanitation, savings, investment
2- Millet as a source of food security:
Indicators:
the share of millet in the diet of local residents (staple food?)
The nutritional value of millet in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients
The extent to which local residents' food needs are met by production, i.e.
food self-sufficiency linked to productivity (availability)
Economic and physical accessibility (accessibility)
The stability of availability and accessibility (stability)
Methods of processing, preservation, and consumption, as well as the associated nutritional and health risks (use)
The possibility and socio-technical capacity of local inhabitants to conceive and implement methods of producing, processing, and consuming millet (organization): this includes technological, infrastructural, and innovative potential
The importance of exploiting natural ecosystems in the value chain while preserving resources and species (sustainability); good agroecological practices throughout the chain
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