Literature review: The use of ICTs in the fight against corruption

By Marie Chêne

Summary

E-governance has gained popularity in recent years, with many countries resorting to information communications technology (ICTs) to modernise government, increase efficiency and improve public service delivery. As an additional benefit, ICTs are also expected to reduce corruption by promoting transparency, opening government data to public scrutiny, and by automating government processes, restricting discretion of officials and limiting citizens’ interaction with gatekeepers to access key services. Despite these high expectations and massive investments in e-government, evidence of impact is mixed and limited and there is a high rate of failure of e-government projects, due to contextual factors as well as the type of the ICT interventions. This Helpdesk answer provides an overview of recent literature on the role of ICTs and government to combat corruption in key government processes such as procurement, taxation, human resource management, open data and service delivery. It also explores the potential of ICTs and social media for citizens’ mobilisation and empowerment.

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https://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiG7sfJnNLVAhVG0RQKHYfmDt8QFgg0MAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.u4.no%2Fpublications%2Fliterature-review-the-use-of-icts-in-the-fight-against-corruption%2Fdownloadasset%2F4159&usg=AFQjCNHV2Nj-xyQIqmfx4xGLAJEdHnq8HA

I had done a primary study in 2004 regarding this aspect. I am attaching the link. 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281934848_E-Governance-_A_Smart_way_to_Tackle_Corruption 

Article E-Governance- A Smart way to Tackle Corruption

There are papers on that issue in proceedings of International Scientific Conference "E-Governance" ("E-Governance and E-communications" since 2016).

Proceedings are available online and free of charge at:

http://fman.tu-sofia.bg/

ICT has great capacity to eradicate corruption as a menace IF implemented and executed honestly

The most appropriate way to use ICT to checkmate corruption is by digitizing virtually all activities. This will reduce the level of human involvement.

Paper attached contributes to the subject matter.

Brasil

Medicinia, es una plataforma que utiliza los datos nacionales de salud en Brasil para conectar los equipos de salud, pacientes, registros médicos y dispositivos en clínicas, hospitales y sistemas de salud.

[1]    https://medicinia.com.br/ en Brasil para la unificación de datos relacionados a Salud.

Ayuda por medio de las TIc, en este caso que se genere un negocio y que las personas puedan saber donde poder atenderse, es unejemplo en contra de la corrupción pues facilita el acceso a la información

Uruguay

Un proyecto dirigido expresamente a crear y ofrecer datos geográficos libres, tales como planos de calles, a cualquiera que los desee de cualquier parte del mundo.

OpenStreetMap[1] es un mapa, pero también es una Wiki. Por ejemplo: el usuario puede realizar un zoom al mapa e identificar un club de su barrio que no tiene nombre. Para etiquetarlo, simplemente debe ir al menú Edición, seleccionar el club, agregar el nombre y guardarlo nuevamente. De esta manera, cada usuario hace su pequeño aporte y se crea un recurso muy valioso [11].

[1]    OpenStreetMap, es una aplicación realizada con los datos abierto de Uruguay. Ver en: http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100

Chile

iFarmacias [1]es una aplicación que facilita la búsqueda de farmacias de turno en todo Chile, permitiendo a los ciudadanos acceder a ella en cualquier momento y desde diversos dispositivos móviles [12].

[1]    Ifarmacia, es una aplicación que usando los datos abiertos permite ver las farmacias abiertas. Ver en: http://ifarmacias.modernizacion.gob.cl/

Estas iniciativas son ejemplos para otros países que se pueden empoderar a los ciudadanos con el uso de las TIC’s[1]. Además de poder colaborar internacionalmente, la apertura de los datos de manera sostenida permite el desarrollo de las sociedades. El reto es mantenerla en el tiempo y las instituciones sean confiables en la presentación de los datos de manera oportuna.

Estas iniciativas o ejemplos de algunas aplicaciones desarrolladas con los datos abiertos se han concebido al involucrar proactivamente a sus usuarios. Los gobiernos pueden priorizar los recursos para visualizar las iniciativas internas y asegurar al personal de gobierno se encuentre capacitado en la estrategia de datos abiertos. Con todo esto, se puede lograr la democratización de los datos y el desarrollo de una cultura gubernamental más transparente.

[1]    Tecnologías de la información y Comunicaciones.

In India there are numerous examples whereby ICT use has reduced corruption.  But ICT remains an enabler and alone will not reduce corruption until Government Process Reforms is diligently attempted.  In India by use of a unique ID citizen number and linking it with various schemes has eliminated bogus beneficiaries in that scheme.  

Hi. 

Couple of answers already hits at the issues related to ICT and corruption. AT UNU-EGOV colleagues are looking at how ICT use in the Public Sector can help reduce the shadow economy, and thus increase revenue collection but also formalise informal activities which in turn makes corruption less likely (see enclosed, but covered by IPR and CC so do not distribute) Indias re-issuing of the 500 Rph note and "digitising" cash is a similar attempt to formalise informal economic activities and bring ill gained gains into the open.

My colleague Ibrahim Kholilul Rohman and I are just published an article in the Jakata Post on the topic too. The article focus on on ICT for better government and mismanagement of the Indonesian eID and ID card initiative.

Jakata Post (account holders) http://bit.ly/2uFYCWw Readable link http://bit.ly/2upCuRd

Now the article does not focus on how individual elements of ICT can improve government performance and minimise corruption but it hints at a number of the activites. A recent paper on Georgia (the country) highlight the ability to use ICT enabled process and organisational re-engineering to practically eliminate corruption in public service delivery, customs and public procurement (see http://bit.ly/2w3nN9G but covered by IPR and CC so do not distribute). Key here is a willingness to change esp at a political level and to rethink how you do things. 

Hope this is of assitance. Be happy to explore further.

Morten

Conference Paper Georgia on my mind: a study of the role of governance and co...

Hello. ICT may also not be equally effective on all types of corruption. Interesting source: https://www.u4.no/publications/literature-review-the-use-of-icts-in-the-fight-against-corruption.pdf