Nour Alnairat Normally only the iron content would be measured by a technique such as AAS or ICP (or in the old days with wet chemistry, with a colorimetric method. The form of the iron oxide (FexOy) would be assumed. For powdered solids then XRF can also be used.
There is some confusion in your question, but I think you're referring to the concentration of Fe3O4 particles in (colloidal) suspension. Magnetite is practically insoluble in water. If it was soluble then it would be in the form of ions rather than the oxide, Fe3O4.
Making use of what Alan F Rawle suggests, there is also a possibility of estimating the concentration in a non-destructive way by measuring turbidity. This will only work at low concentrations because you need light absorbance through the sample solution to be low. In addition, the particles should be in the superparamagnetic range so they won't stick to each other due to ferromagnetic interaction. If these conditions apply, you can build a calibration plot of turbidity vs. iron oxide concentration.
Adding to the comment from Emanuel Cooper then if you’re using light scattering to measure the size distribution then many equipments possess a Beer-Lambert calculation to estimate the volume concentration. In laser diffraction the methodology is described in ISO 13320.
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